The Changing Demographics of Nursing

The face of nursing has been changing over the last 50 years. Women who a half a century ago would only work as nurses until they married are now ending up as nursing managers and administrators, moving out of the practical field. . But still it has been noted that the age of the nursing workforce has increased over the last quarter of a century, and fewer younger people are entering the nursing profession. In fact, at the time of the survey by the Bureau of Health Professions in 1997, baby boomers (those born between 1947 and 1962) were the largest component of the nursing workforce and at the current time only nine percent of registered nurses are younger than 30 years of age (Santucci, 2004). If this trend continues, then it would mean that the need for nursing would increase by as much as 22% between the years of 1998 and 2008. The demographics of nursing are changing as to the working environment as well. While hospitals employ about 60% of all nurses, the nurses who work in hospitals are likely to be younger, mostly due to the strain of physically demanding work and the shift work involved. While the hospitals tend to produce recruiting programs more focused on younger nurses, this also means that there is the need to promote relationships between the different generations of nurses. Problems in workplaces are the most often sited issues when it comes to job turnover rates among nurses. And the flow of younger nurses toward the hospital setting also means that the number of new graduate nurses being hired into the nursing pool is getting higher. This in turn results in a greater number of rather inexperienced new nurses in positions that may be better filled by experienced nurses. In order to answer this problem, residency programs have been developed for new graduate nurses, to provide orientation to the specialty areas such as critical care, medical/surgical and psychiatry. These residency programs appear to do much to help the new nurses address the challenges they face in their new positions. Green and Puetzer (2002) clearly define in their article the issues surrounding the importance of effective recruitment, efficient training and ultimate retention of experience nursing staff. A structured mentoring and precepting program appears to be key to all three of these issues and shows that while the schools prepare the nurses for the basics, mentoring programs are the most effective in the workplace. Without residency programs, there is a significant degree of turnover in the nursing staff, which leads to poor clinical are and burnout. A study by Bowles and Candela in 2005 reviewed involved the experiences of recent RN graduates in their first jobs (Bowles and Candela, 2005). The study was meant to determine new graduate perceptions of first jobs and why they left them, if they had. The results showed that 30% of new graduates left their positions within one year, and 57% had left their first positions within 2 years. Issues cited for leaving consisted of patient care problems, unsafe nurse to patient ratios, and stress associated with the acuity of the patients. Other significant issues (22%) noted a lack of support on the part of management, as well as a lack of guidance and a sensation of being given too much responsibility for patient care as compared to the nurse's level of comfort and experience. This review showed that RNs in the first year of work tend to leave their first position at a much higher rate than RNs who are in second or subsequent positions. It would appear from this study that to improve RN retention one must consider the development of orientation and mentoring programs. This would improve work environments and reduce stress levels. There is a limited availability of preceptors. This often causes nurse interns multiple preceptor assignments that causes problem with educational continuity, follow through on assignments and progress assessments, as well as preceptor burnout. Smith and Chalker (2005) describe the issue from the nurse interns' view where all active duty military nurses assigned to a military hospital between December 2000 and November 2003 were surveyed. A total sample of 216 nurse interns were surveyed regarding the nurse intern's perception of the preceptor continuity within the existing four-month nurse intern program. These nurses were also asked about differences in perception between clinical performance, role transition, job satisfaction and nursing retention issues among nurse interns who had the same preceptor throughout their 4-month internships as compared to those who did not. In this study, there appeared to be no difference reported in the clinical performance, role transitions and retention in nursing between nurse interns who had assigned clinical preceptors versus those who did not. Over 48% of those surveyed indicated that the presence of one or multiple preceptors had little to do with the nurse's desire to stay within the nursing profession. It is important, however, to note that of those who were surveyed who were new graduates, of these respondents 85% felt that having the same preceptor was most beneficial. Some supporting comments included issues such as building a trusting bond with the preceptor, consistency and continuity, and confidence building. Another interesting study assessed the effectiveness of using a mentorship program not only to retain quality nurses, but also to actually recruit them to programs in the first place. In this study (Nelson and Godfrey, 2004) identified that the new graduate nurse population required special attention, quoting that one in every three nurses under the age of 30 planned to leave their current job within the year (Aiken, et. l. 2001). Understanding this effect of patient care continuity, Nelson and Godfrey set out to see if a nurse mentorship program designed to provide an intense experience for students to gain greater clinical skills, and work values that would lead to commitment to professional teams and hopefully job retention. This study included nursing students who were within 2 semesters of graduation from a local program in Florida. All candidates for the program were prescreened and required a completed application as well as two letter of reference before they would be accepted into the program. Students in this study worked with assigned preceptors for a minimum of 16 hours with each two-week period, mentoring one on one with an experienced RN. It is interesting to note that ten of the students are now graduated, and remain employed by the hospital at which they precepted. It is likely that the selection process weeded out those applicants who most likely would be in benefit of a preceptor program, perhaps the more clinically insecure RN or the one who is struggling with assimilating clinical decision making skills and the like. There was benefit to the students in that they all felt better prepared for entry into employment as an RN. The benefit to the hospital also cannot be denied. As noted in the study, savings related to RN retention continues to accrue. Using the assumption that the 62 graduate nurses who did not participate in the program had participated, and applying the hospital's 23% turnover rate applied to this hypothetical group, this would mean a net savings of 14 nurses (instead of the 29 they would have lost without the program, according to previous rates of turnover). Assuming that the cost of mentorship for each RN would be approximately $10,000, and then the savings would be around $150,000 to the hospital based on nurse retention alone. This study would seem to indicate that the nurse mentorship program not only improves nurse clinical skills and job satisfaction, but also can be of monetary savings to the hospitals themselves. While relatively few articles available on mentorship for graduate nurses exist, there are enough valid studies out there which all seem to indicate the importance of orientation programs not only to improve clinical care, but to decrease nursing staff turnover, preceptor burnout and decrease the financial burden such turnover costs to the healthcare system.

Annotated Bibliographies of Glacier Extinction Related Articles Essay

Al gore delivers this book the impinging global warming by combining the truths through presentation of scientific evidences from experts and helping the audience visualize the facts laid by science through pictures and other forms of visual presentations. Al Gore has been venturing with environmental issues, emphasizing the importance of preserving the environment. The article argues about the different ways of viewing the issue, either politically, scientifically and morally, which actually does not hinder people from different disciplines read it. The reading material wishes to convince readers to make some action regarding the inconvenient truth, which is the title of the book. Human race can be affected by these natural disruptions. Compared to other books, personal touch was added to the book by attaching personal opinions and anecdotes, relating his personal experiences being an advocate to the environment for a more effective and affective learning experience to the readers. 2. Jowit, Juliette. â€Å"Speed of Melting Glaciers’ destruction revealed†. The Observer January 2007:7. Academic Search Premier. Lexis Nexis. City University of New York Library, 9 October 2007 http://web. lexis-nexis. com/. Underlined with the statements of the article are factual evidences that strengthen the stand of the author. The article dwells much of its attention to the factual evidences of the effects of global warming but does not mention that much on its possible effects in humanity. The article, being short, provides a lot of important points that can be informative enough to satisfy the thirst for knowledge for those who seek information regarding the issue. Numerical figures put an intense effect on the reader that engages him to thinking that people should already make their actions to save the environment from a slow to fast approaching disruption of natural processes. The melting of ice that increases the sea level as a common notion was added with the fact that reflection of sun’s harmful rays is one of the important functionalities of glaciers. Presented here are a number of reference organizations that dedicated themselves on the study of glacial behavior that helps in making this article reliable. This article could actually deliver in an understandable sense the importance of the glaciers and how the humans consume them, knowingly or unknowingly, and how the nature is trying to get back what losses humans have caused. 3. Khalil, M. A. K. â€Å"Non—CO2 Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere†. Annual Review of Energy & the Environment 24. 1 (1999):645-662. Khalil, who focused the article only about greenhouse gases, emphasizes in the article that CO2 is not the sole greenhouse gas that is the reason for global warming. It has been pointed out that many industrial, agricultural and those that produce gases such as CH3, NO2 and CFCs can individually contribute to global warming insignificantly; but when all these combined and through time, the effect is magnified and becomes even more significant than CO2. The author suggests of the possible answers to avoid the additional hazard of these gases, that is the formulation of other gases (perfluorocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride, which are inert in the atmosphere) of the same application as the three mentioned. The extinction of glaciers was not touched by this article, but same problem is tackled which are of about the same impact to the environment. Also, the danger it might cause to forms of life was not mentioned. 4. Raper, Sarah C. B, and Braithwaite, Rojer J. â€Å"Low Sea Level Rise Projection from Mountain Glaciers Icecaps under Global Warming†. Nature 439 (2006): 311-313. The rise of sea level due to global warming was introduced in the article, which was then connected to greenhouse gas emissions, that would result in 0. 387-m rise on the 22nd century. Several factors are mentioned including thermal expansion, which contributes 0. 288-m rise, 0. 106-m rise as caused by melting of glaciers and ice caps, 0. 024-m rise as influenced by Greenland, and a fall of 0. 074 due to Antartica. A modeling technique was done to further improve the discussion which talks about the effects of melting, which has some corrections to avoid error. The melting of mountain glaciers and ice caps were differentiated and compared to other existing computations. Effects on the biosphere is not mentioned in the article. 5. United States. Environmental Protection Agency. â€Å"Coastal Zones and Sea Level Rise†. 9 October 2007 http://www. epa. gov/climatechange/effects/coastal/index. html. This paper is filled with scientific evidences referring to the coastal zones and the rise of the sea level related to the climate variability and changes. The article introduces the possible areas that can be affected by sea level rise, then tackled each area in relation to it and with each other in some sense. Subsiding coastal lands being the reason for sea level rise, where the extinction of glaciers is mentioned. Actually this is the only portion of the paper that mentions about glaciers, and the rest do not, but then everything connects with the rise of the sea level, but then it is not directly emphasized that the reason for all is the glacier’s extinction. The author’s knowledge makes interconnection among the plausible effects of sea level elevation, which is mainly due to the melting of glaciers. This article compared to the 2nd one is more scientifically supported, and is actually lengthier and more statistically played upon. The readers will be able to extract many things from this article.

Being Gay in America

The topic I choose to write about is being gay in America. This has been a rising topic in America. Homosexual people feel that they should have the same rights that heterosexual people have when it comes to marriage being at the top. What two people do with their lives is up to them but when they try and add another person into their lives, it changes the circumstances. Gays have been trying to fight for their rights for years. The Society for Human Rights in Chicago is the country’s earliest known gay rights organization. Wisconsin was the first state to outlaw discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation.American Psychiatric Association removed homosexuality from its official list of mental disorders (InfoPlease). Just recently the military got rid of its â€Å"Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell† policy allowing gays to serve in the military openly. I don’t see anything wrong with two people getting married to each other, but I don’t feel that hom osexuals should be capable to receive the same benefits of marriage like heterosexuals. If a gay person wants to be married then they should but they also should be taxed for being in a same sex marriage.I feel like they should get taxed because it is not natural for a man to be with a man or a woman to be with another woman. Two of the same sex cannot bear children therefore it is not acceptable to me. Homosexuals are trying to get the same equal opportunity as heterosexual marriages unless they are willing to pay some kind of payment. Under the Defense of Marriage Act made in 1996, it states that a gay married couple can take advantage of state laws with the benefits of marriage, but not any of the benefits by federal law (DOMA).The benefits that heterosexual marriages aren’t authorized to are social security, tax, estate, veteran and military, federal employment, and immigration. The law also states that marriage is legal union between one man and one woman. Under the law, no state may be required to distinguish same sex marriage considered to be marriage in another state. There are six states that consent same sex marriages which are Connecticut, Iowa, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, and Vermont.Since most states don’t allow same sex marriage, many homosexuals have ended up going with civil union. Civil union is lawfully documented union like to marriage, but it is not marriage. It is the declaration of a partnership shared by a couple. Civil union isn’t recognized by the federal government and under the Defense of Marriage Act other states don’t have to oblige to recognize them. States that allow civil union are California, Colorado, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Maine, Nevada, New Jersey, Oregon, Rhode Island, Washington, and Wisconsin.If you are gay that is fine. What you do behind closed doors is your problem, but many gays are adopting children and raising kids into their lifestyle. In our society today, it has been a n all-time high of suicides due to bullying. Why would you want to put a child in that kind of situation where they will be picked on because they have two dads or moms? Cited Section 1. ) DOMA. www. domawatch. org. 28November 2011 2. ) www. hrc. org/issues. 28November 2011 3. ) INFOPLEASE. www. infoplease. com. 28November2011 4. )

Export marketing (US market) opportunity for UK based energy drink Assignment

Export marketing (US market) opportunity for UK based energy drink - Assignment Example This has resulted in the evolution of a new pattern of consumer behaviour from consumers of various new and emerging economies. It needs to be mentioned that in order to meet the growing amount of diverse needs of the customers, the setting up of global trade processes is very essential. It is of utmost importance that global trade is highly necessary as it helps in satisfying the needs of the customer while generating strategic benefits for the firms (Seyoum, 2000, p. 7) Discussing in details about the requirements of this project, it has to be brought into notice that the current focus is to develop an intensive evaluation for the opportunity related to exporting for a particular product. For this assignment, the product that is being selected is the UK based product Lucozade. While introducing the product Lucozade, it has to be mentioned that it is an energy drink, which promises to meet the varying calorie requirements of athletes, sports professional as well as fitness conscious individuals. The project focuses on identifying the opportunity related to attaining business growth by entering a new overseas market like the United States. So, the main motive of the project is to identify the export opportunity of Lucozade from the UK to the US. Justifying the choice of country It is important to mention that while selecting a market for exporting of products, the focus is on identifying the various prospects associated with it (Zou & et.al, 2009, p. 32). In the times of increased economic uncertainty as well as various other macroeconomic challenges in various corners of the world, it is highly interesting to mention that the market demand for energy drink products is growing various developed as well as developing markets. As of the recent times, the energy drinks is considered as a growing sub category of soft drinks in various global markets because of the increased focus of masses around the world to lead a healthy and fit life. It has been estimated that the global health drinks market is estimated to attain a growth rate of around 35% by the year 2016 (Russell, 2012). As per market based region specific forecasts, it has also been found that the markets of Asia, North America and West Europe are expected to grow the most (Business Wire, 2013). As per an OECD sponsored report dated in the year 2012, it has been found that the United States leads the world in regards to mass obesity (Obesity Update 2012, 2012, p. 2). Source: Obesity Update 2012, 2012, p. 2 It also has to be said that in the United States, the obesity has grown in the range of 4 to 5% on an annual basis (Huffington Post, 2012). Source: Chou & Kane, 2012 Data backed statistics also indicate that around 68% of the US population are possibly overweight or obese (Chou & Kane, 2012). However, it is of increased importance to highlight the fact that due to an increase in obesity numbers, there has been a growing consciousness amongst the masses around the world to stay fit and in shape (Johnson, 2012). Talking on this note, the fact of increased consciousness in regards to obesity in the US market also has to be taken into consideration. Records of previous sales reveal that the sales of the energy drinks are

CEO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CEO - Essay Example The existence of defective products put the company at risk of defective product liability. â€Å"When a person is injured by a defective product, they may be able to sue the manufacturer or seller of that product in a defective product lawsuit† (Freeadvice, 2012). The company must take immediate action to eliminate any defective product units in the marketplace. A move that can ensure that the general public is protected is by issuing a product recall. The product recall idea will be verbally presented to the CEO and the directors during the upcoming meeting. Due to the urgency of the matter the directors will vote on the matter at the end of the meeting to implement the recall procedure immediately after the action is voted on. Allowing customers to get injured without warning them about the defects would be a socially irresponsible move. The CEO of the company should vote in favor or the recall because this measure legally protects the company against potential customer law suits. The measure also positively impacts the corporate image of the company. The recall measure is a reactive policy that serves as a quick fix to the situation. The company has a greater problem they must deal with. The company has a quality control problem. ... The company will develop a new manufacturing procedure that complies with all safety requirements to ensure the optimal quality control of the product. The customers will be notified about the product recall by notifying local news stations about the recall so that they make a public notification during their newscasts. All the customers will be called to their homes and a letter will be send as well. It is imperative for the company to properly notify the customers about defective product units. The company has to take measures to ratify the problem. The internal control audit will provide management with a serious of ideas on how to fix the problem based on properly identifying its roots. If the firm is not able to determine how to fix the problem based on the results of the internal audit the company should hire an external consultant to intervene. Assuming that the firm can develop a new manufacturing procedure on its own the firm should be able to solve their quality control pro blem internally. A control mechanism that the company will start implementing is performing a physical check of the unit prior to packaging the merchandise. The company will also extend a one year warranty on its products. The new warranty offering will be mailed to all the customers. Quality control problems are important issues that need the immediate attention of the corporate directors of an enterprise. Bad quality can tarnish the reputation of a company and it can hurt its brand value. Branding is a technique that allows companies to charge a premium price for its products and services (Kotler, 2003). The production and engineering

Johnthan Edward 1703-1758 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Johnthan Edward 1703-1758 - Essay Example Such beliefs lead us all toward a common good and teach us a better way of life. Religion is also quite complex and difficult, at times, to understand. Theologians attempt to make sense of this difficult subject in an effort to bring people closer to an understanding of the divine nature of the world. While many such famous theologians come from Europe, Jonathan Edwards was born and raised right here in America and is still consider to be one the greatest and most intellectual theologians that ever lived. Jonathan Edwards lived a relatively short life of only 55 years. During his life, however, he contributed many things to American culture, and to the spiritual lives of people around the world. He was quite a smart child, entering Yale College when he was only 13 years old. At that time, Yale was still a seminary instructing students with a Biblical background. During his college years, he quickly began his career as a spiritual and theological writer and graduated as the Valedictor ian in his class. By the time he graduated, he seemed to have already formulated a philosophy of life that he would use as the foundation of his future writings that are still well read today. What follows is a brief, yet thorough, description of the theological and intellectual influence of John Edwards on America. The Writings of Jonathan Edward Jonathan Edwards spend much of his time leading various churches in the Connecticut and New York area. In early adulthood, he learned a lot from his grandfather, who was seen as a spiritual man in the New England area. His grandfather, then, had a huge influence on the philosophy that Edwards would begin to adopt through his studies at Yale and beyond. Not only did people in New England really like Edwards as a person, his great influence probably came from his writings. He wrote volumes of books in intellectual and theological topics during his all to short life. As Phillip Sinitiere wrote, â€Å"Edwards was known both from his large net work or correspondents and through his voluminous writing ministry† (744). He wrote about such concepts as the extent of sin, the importance of ethics and virtue, they dynamics of the human will, and the nature of mission work (Sinitiere 745). There are many scholars who contend that Jonathan Edwards is America’s greatest philosophical theologian. This would put him up there with such European philosophers as Martin Luther. More than being just a theologian, however, it should be pointed out the Edwards contributed a great deal to the intellect of those who read his works. His writings were both deep and profound. Many people still study his works because they are complex, yet so revealing about the world in which we live. It is amazing any time someone who lived 300 years ago is still mentioned today. Edwards is not only mentioned, but studied as if he is still around and living today. That speaks volumes of the respect he must have had while he lived, worked, and wrot e in the New England area. As people continue to study the various writings of Jonathan Edwards, they have discovered that he spoke a great deal about ethics. This conversation is still as relevant today as it was when he first wrote. Philip Quin wrote that Edwards ha â€Å"something to contribute to contemporary conversations and debates in ethics† (300). This shows us that people today are still discussing his view on ethics. Conversations about ethics are

Histroy 201 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Histroy 201 - Essay Example There had been numerous deliberations out of the Convention, among which the final document was derived after a lot of discussions and grueling debates. Pinckney Plan The Pinckney plan was a plan of government introduced by South Carolina’s Charles Pinckney on May 29, 1787, the same day on which Randolph initiated the Virginia Plan. As Vile (580) states, Pinckney had not maintained it on any writing and the only evidence was the Madison’s notes which were not very reliable. It was all about a treaty among the 13 states. His idea was to hold a house having a member for thousand inhabitants and to elect a Senator for four years and also elect cabinet members. He also suggested for a Federal Judicial Court. Pinckney’s plan was not opposed but left for the decision of the Committee of Detail. Virginia Plan The Virginia plan was actually formulated even before the convention by the delegates from Virginia, on their meeting to discuss on the Madison’s thoughts, notes, and works. Edmund Randolph, the governor of Virginia presented the plan on May 29, 1787, which was also called the Large State Plan. The plans suggested for the establishment of houses of legislature proportionally, making it a ‘controlling bicameral administration’ (Vile, 428). The plan proposed that the upper class would be elected by the lower and the lower would be elected by the people. It also suggested for a judiciary. New Jersey Plan William Paterson, a delegate of the New Jersey proposed the New Jersey Plan, asking for an adjournment to contemplate the Virginia plan. The suggestion to make the legislature houses in proportion would limit the authority of smaller states. Therefore the smaller sates discussed to respond to the Virginian Plan and brought forward the New Jersey Plan, also known as Small State Plan. This plan was entirely against the Virginia Plan, and asked to fix the problems of Articles of Confederation by amendment. According to Vile (583 ), The New Jersey Plan stood for the Congress to be given more powers and to sustain the existing Continental Congress. The plan created an executive branch for a single term and a judiciary for life, appointed by the executives. Finally, any law implemented by Congress would proceed over the state laws. However at the presentation of the plan, it was rejected. Hamilton’s Plan On the dissatisfaction of the previous plans, the Hamilton Plan otherwise called the British Plan was introduced by Alexander Hamilton, having similarity with the powerful centralized British government. Hamilton came up with the idea of abolish state control and merge the state into a single nation. His plan suggested for the bicameral legislature, the lower house elected for three years by the public and the upper class elected for life bye the lower class. The national governing body enjoys the â€Å"veto power over any state administration†; it also proposed a Governor being elected by the el ectors and holds the office for a life-term service (Vile, 583). Slavery and Connecticut Compromise The most debated issue among the delegates was slavery. The regulation of slavery was a question of controversy between the South and North, as 40 percent of the population of South was slaves.

Curriculum evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Curriculum evaluation - Essay Example r focuses on the examination and the evaluation of curriculum applied on the professional education and specifically on the health care support sector. In order to understand the structure and the content of curriculum used in the above sector, it is necessary to refer primarily to the general characteristics of curriculum, the theories developed for curriculum used in various educational contexts as well as the skills required for the appropriate delivery of curriculum in a professional education environment. In accordance with a report published by the Cognitive Behaviour (2008) ‘a social education curriculum has a three-fold purpose: a) to assure that every student is on track through assessment and prevention, b) to assist the proper development through pedagogical study, and c) to remediate inappropriate learning’ (Cognitive Behaviour, 2008, online article). The improvement of educational standards in the health care sector would support the increase of quality of s ervices provided to patients. Therefore, the curriculum used in the specific sector should be carefully reviewed and monitored making sure that all standards set are followed by educators. In the study of Burgess (2004) it is noticed that the curriculum used in the training of social work professionals is not appropriately developed but it rather ‘entails a level of complexity greater than that for many other disciplines’ (Burgess, 2004, 163). On the other hand, it seems that in Britain – like in most developed countries worldwide – the involvement of a person to the health care support is related with specific educational standards: specific qualifications – set by NHS – are required while training is usually provided after the acquisition of qualification – in case that workers in the specific sector need to be informed on the developments of science in the particular field. The design and the development of curriculum in all educational contexts is based on specific criteria.

DESCRIBE A RESTAURANT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

DESCRIBE A RESTAURANT - Essay Example As is shown consistently by the Esquire Tavern, in order to succeed in hotel business, five values are principal and indispensible: harmonious coexistence with serene environment, hygiene, high value customer care and exemplary culinary skills. One of the factors that made me fall in irrevocable love with the Esquire Tavern is its close touch with serene environment. The perpetually popular restaurant is marooned in a tacky stretch of River Walk. Impeccably pruned trees and flowers, a large swimming pool and well kept lawn grace the restaurant’s surroundings. The aforementioned beautiful trees and flowers aerate the Esquire Tavern’s environment and gentle breeze help pleasantly soothe client’s sense of smell. The restaurant is located at least 400 meters from traffic, thereby guaranteeing clients serenity while rendering Esquire Tavern an oasis in the desert of the noise and the rough and tumble of the outside world. Inside the restaurant, the large swimming pool which is compartmentalized in its own yard easily complements the usefulness of the scorching high noon sun. The vastness of the Esquire Tavern provides customers with the power to choose between eating from the many spacious hotel rooms or from outside. Any client who has visited the Esquire Tavern will often testify of having been confused like a termite in a yo-yo when it comes to choosing a table. This is because, contrary to popular opinion that open air tables are more comfortable, the Esquire Tavern’s hotel rooms are equally appealing. Aesthetically stamped tin ceilings, an evocative wallpaper and 100ft-long wooden bar greet all clients who walk into the Esquire Tavern reception and hotel rooms (Trip Advisor, 1). In a closely related wavelength, the Esquire Tavern has constantly and consistently endeared itself to its customers by serving them with cuisine tasty enough to tickle anyone’s taste buds. At the Esquire Tavern, devilled eggs get studded with flowery pink peppercorns, while

Rethinking Marketing Essay Example for Free

Rethinking Marketing Essay Companies today have technology that enables them to interact directly with customers. Firms must make use of this technology to focus on customer needs and develop into customer-oriented companies rather than product oriented ones. In order to facilitate this change a change in the company’s strategies as well as structure becomes necessary. This change includes reinventing the organizations marketing department entirely. One such change in strategy involves customer cultivation. Companies must move from being traditional companies to customer cultivating companies. A customer cultivating company is one that focuses on individual or small groups of customers as opposed to a traditional company that focuses on the mass. Many firms today are trying to make this strategy work. For example IBM, Tesco and American express. Next we come to change in structure, which involves reorganizing the marketing department. * Firstly CMOs must be replaced by CCOs (chief customer officer). The CCO’s job is to plan and implement the firms customer relationship strategy and supervise all customer-facing functions. * Secondly under the CCO will work the customer managers who identify the customer’s needs and direct brand mangers to fulfill those needs. * Customer- facing functions: some functions such as the customer relationship management that forms a part of the IT department must be made a part of the customer department. CRM (a tool for gauging customer needs and behavior) contains the data needed to implement customer cultivation strategy and hence essentially forms a part of the customer department. * Market research: market research changes to become more customer focused as well. * Research and Development: marketing and RD must be integrated so that the customer itself can be brought into the process of designing products. * Customer service: the customer department must handle this service to ensure both quality and building long-term relationships with customers. With change in strategy there comes a need to change the measures that gauge the effectiveness of the strategy as well. These changes in measures are as follows: * Product profitability to customer profitability * Current sales to customer lifetime value * Brand equity to customer equity * And lastly market share to customer equity share. All in all the article considers reinventing the strategies and structure of companies to make them focus on building lasting customer relations rather that building brands.

History of and Importance of Handwashing

History of and Importance of Handwashing Introduction Hand washing is the removal of micro-organisms from hands using running water or alcohol rub or gel (Brooker and Waugh, 2007). It is the most effective way of controlling the spread of infectious diseases in hospitals and populated areas. The skin is a vital part of the body that acts as a demarcation between internal and external environment and hence should be kept clean all the time to prevent harmful micro-organisms from entering our bodies (Merchant, 2001). These micro-organisms on the skin can either be resident or transient. Resident micro-organisms also called normal flora are harmless and provide protection against colonization by transient organisms and are not transferred from one person to the other, however they may cause problems if the skin is damaged or if the immune system is weak (Carroll, 2001). Transient micro-organisms are transferred from one person to the other and therefore are capable of spreading infections (Carroll, 2001). Hands can appear as if they are cl ean yet they are contaminated with bacteria, therefore it is always good practice to wash hands regularly. Staff members can pass infectious diseases to patients and patients can also pass diseases to staff members or other patients. Since this is a major issue the author will review hand washing as a means of reducing the spread of infections. The review looks at why hand washing is still an important matter; its historical perspectives, proper hand washing techniques, and the benefits it can bring to patients if practiced properly. The historical background of hand washing explains clearly that most health professionals are found to be the most usual transporters of the bacteria to patients, even though they know that the secret of controlling infections is proper hand hygiene. The production of hand washing liquids dates back from as early as the 19th century when in 1822, Labarraque, a French pharmacist carried out experiments to demonstrate that liquid chloride solutions could successfully eradicate the smell coming from human dead bodies (Safe Care Campaign, 2007). In 1825, Labarraque then recommended the use of these chemicals in hospitals by doctors handling people with contagious diseases in order to moisten their hands but no one followed the instructions (Safe Care Campaign, 2007). In 1846, Dr Ignaz Semmelweis did research on why the ward where medical students were working had a high rate of deaths in comparison to the ward were qualified midwives were working. The results showed that medical students who were having their lectures were rushing to the ward without washing their hands. Instead of washing their hands they were going straight to the patient in the ward. As soon as the error was fixed the death rate started to decline (Advanced Scientific Health, 2010). Recently a report was published by Pfizer limited which showed an increase in MRSA infections. It is believed that 9% of patients in hospitals in England (About 100,000 people per year) have healthcare associated Infections, many of which are due to MRSA. There are between 6,000 and 7,000 MRSA bloods stream Infections each year in patients in NHS hospitals in England. In 2005 in England and Wales, 1,629 deaths Certificates mentioned MRSA as a contributory factor; and MRSA was cited as the main cause of death in 467 of these cases (Pfizer limited, 2009). With this high rate of current MRSA cases in hospitals it is imperative that patients in hospitals, their families and their carers have the correct information avail able to them so that they know the risks of not adhering to proper hand washing techniques when they are in hospitals. Hand washing Technique The NHS is encouraging all health professionals to practice proper techniques of washing hands. It is argued that the more emphasis stressed on this message, the more effective it becomes. The technique of proper hand washing is very essential in any health care setting. The routine or social hand washing technique mainly emphasizes on thorough washing of hands using liquid soap and running water for 15 to 20 seconds without missing any part. It is recommended to use liquid soap delivered from a dispenser as compared to bar soap as the latter may be contaminated by the previous user or the surrounding atmosphere (Carroll, 2001). The diagram in figure 1 in apprentices section below shows most parts of the hands that are frequently missed during hand washing (Nazarko, n.d). These areas that are missed during hand washing may harbor micro-organisms that will then spread to other patients. There is no specific time that is recommended to wash hands. Hands are washed depending on a specif ic task. Health workers are advised to wash their hands when starting or finishing their shift. Several activities such as wound dressing are prone to bringing bacteria to patients and therefore, hand washing should be practiced regularly. Nurses must make sure that they wash their hands before and after they attend another patient and also whenever there is any contact of blood and body fluids or after removal of gloves. It is also advised to wash hands before and after eating and drinking and also after visiting the toilet (Wilson, 2006). Micro-organisms are very tiny such that they cannot be seen with a naked eye. Therefore, it is encouraged to maintain have short nails as longer ones easily accommodate micro-organisms that may be difficult to remove during hand washing. The areas under the watches, rings and bracelets also harbor millions of bacteria; therefore it is also advised not to wear these in hospitals (Gould, 2009). Nurses are also encouraged to wear short- sleeved clot hes. Technological developments have also led to the introduction of next generation ultraviolet light based training kits which are being manufactured by a company called Glowtec. These kits are used to check if the hands have been properly washed before attending to a patient (Glowtec, n.d). This form of hand washing technique is used to see a microscopic dirty surface that cannot be seen by a naked eye therefore improving the control of the infections. Hygienic Hand disinfection is another technique that is used to remove or destroy transient organisms from the skin by washing hands with an antiseptic such as chlorhexidine gluconate, iodine or triclosan for 15-30 seconds and should be carried out before aseptic procedures or during a pandemic situation (Carroll, 2001). The diagram in figure 2 of the appendices section below shows how to wash all areas of the hands to remove any visible contamination of the hands and also to effectively remove transient organisms (Nazarko, n.d) Surgical hand wash is also another technique that is used during surgery which involves the scraping or brushing of the nails with a sterile nail brush, washing hands and forearms with an antiseptic for a minimum of 2 minutes and then drying with a sterile towel (Carroll, 2001). This technique therefore removes transient organisms and reduces the levels of resident organisms. Hand drying is also another vital technique that involves using paper towels, the warm air dryer or sterile towels. This procedure is very important because micro-organisms are spread from one person to the other easily in wet conditions than in dry conditions and drying also reduces the risk of developing sore dry skin (Gould, 2009). Benefits to Patients Patients are the most vulnerable people who are supposed to be taken good care of in a health setting they benefit a lot from hand washing program. It prevents them from cross infection disease among themselves and those who are in care of them (BMJ, 2010). Hand washing is a process that brings hope and assurance to a patient. The patient is likely to recover better. But if a patient is in pain he or she is likely to develop physical or mental problems. If the patient is affected mentally he or she is prone to depression therefore it means the patient would develop infection due to stress environment. Another benefit of hand washing is short stay in hospital, which will enhance the social and economic (no loss of wages) part of a patients life. Eventually this would improve the quality life of a patient. Hand Hygiene Policy (2010) According to Hillingdon Annual Public Health Report 2004 a lot of death can be avoided by hand hygiene, especially those disease caused by MRSA and again a patient is also able to escape isolation in hospitals. Since patients with serious MRSA are sometimes isolated from other patients because of fear of infecting others. Therefore hand washing scheme enhances the well being of a patient. Conclusion Finally the best way of decreasing infectious diseases to patients is hand wash hygiene. According to one of the pioneers of hand wash Dr Semmelweis death rates in hospitals can be lessened if all health professionals follow the idea of handwash. Pathogens and bacteria that are found on hands are said to be the most dangerous causes of infectious diseases unless they are decontaminated by using proper hand technique patients would still suffer the same fate of olden days. According to my opinion hand washing has been discovered long time ago as a main factor of causing infectious diseases but up to now it is still not practiced in a proper way. If each nurse as an individual and those in care underpin the scheme of hand technique in an appropriate manner, they can be a massive change that can bring safety and trust to patients, their families, and friends and even to nurses themselves. Therefore children must be educated on how and when to wash their hands starting from the toddlers so that they can get used to the principle as they grow up. More education training is needed to all health professional on regular basis. If every step of hand washing is followed according to rules and regulations there can be a drastic change in all health care settings.

Dominos Expansion into the Mauritius

Dominos Expansion into the Mauritius 1.0 Introduction The aim of this report is to show how Mauritius could be a land of opportunity for a restaurant chain like Dominos to be developed and how it could target the whole population with its uniqueness and great taste. The theory of international business and its implications on Mauritius as a new targeted market for Dominos will be explained and put into a framework for analysis. Moreover, to understand the power of a business situation and to know whether Mauritius can be viable as a market for Dominos, the PESTLE Analysis tool will be used. This will show whether or not this internationalization can be considered moving into. From those tools mentioned, academic theories will be developed to analyse how strategically profitable this business could be and how powerful it can prove to be in the long run. Globalisation has made competition become fierce worldwide and developing the fast food market with Dominos could be a competitive advantage for Mauritius. Dominos Pizza Inc. is an American restaurant chain and international franchise pizza delivery headquartered in the United States (US), present in 73 countries and offering a wide variety of menus. It was founded in 1960 and is the second largest pizza chain in the US, after pizza hut. Mauritius has currently only two pizza chains namely; Pizza hut and Debonairs Pizza. The report will also dig in and analyse some of the barriers that could exist in the Mauritian market for Dominos based on the prevailing market conditions. Overall the document will outline some theories based on the international business framework and will also give an idea about the internationalization process within an overseas market. 2.0 Framework of International Business in an overseas market In the context of an increasingly challenging global market environment, most companies depend on international business for survival and growth. This presence of globalization has made competition become fiercer, which as a result calls for an improved quality of the selected overseas market and the chosen mode of entry (Koch, 2001). Decision to expand in an overseas market is quite delicate and depends on various criteria before actually getting into this process of internationalization, or else that move could prove to be risky for both the company and the new market. The international market should be scanned very carefully in terms of its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Mauritius, as a developing nation is considered as an emerging market. According to Hoskisson et al. Emerging markets are characterized by low income and are rapidly growing nations whereby economic liberalisation is their powerful tool to achieve economic growth (Douglas E, 2001). Hoskisson et al. always say that emerging markets are different from other markets through government policies favoring economic liberalization and the adoption of a free-market system growth (Douglas E, p.9). Moving to an overseas country in an emerging market could well be a good potential for a developed country to venture. Before choosing to do business with an overseas country, the home country will think about a market that has smaller, cultural, institutional and geographic distance. Other criteria that might affect their choice decisions are; the lower tariff rates, cheaper resources and easier acquisition possibilities and less competition (Fey et al. 2016). If a developed country chooses to enter an emerging market, that market will need to be well developed with a stable environment created by no major political upheavals leading to social stability. The example of the Chinese telecommunication equipment company Huawei is a good one to explain why internationalisation should happen in a developing country first before moving to other developed nations. The question was; So how did Huawei achieve its success of having no international activity back in 1999 to $11 billion of sales by 2006, whereby 65% was foreign sales only, and 31 of the worlds top 50 telecommunications operators were their customers (Fey et al. 2016). It is believed that part of the secret emanated from Chinese history and followed Maos military strategy where the best way was to target rural areas first, barricade the cities and then move into them. In regards to their business strategy, Huawei adopted the same approach of internationalising by first entering developing countries or transforming economies, which showed less competition and relatively good growth potentials and then later moved to developed ones (Fey et al. 2016). 3.0 An analysis of why Dominos could expand to Mauritius, as a potential market Before analysing the Mauritian market for Dominos, it is important to briefly explain and link the expansion strategy as to why that particular market is chosen for business. As such, the table below, which depicts a general systematic approach to international market expansion and entry mode selected, will be briefly analysed: (Koch 2001, p.70) The reason why Dominos could target Mauritius as a long-term potential market for business would be because that would definitely help the firm to increase its profits, seek new economies of scale, to reduce operating costs by getting access to lower cost of factors of production and lower labour and ultimately take advantage of getting behind trade barriers, which can reduce the cost of entry in the island. Furthermore, the area is well protected, free from wars and conflicts, provides easy access to goods and services, where it becomes easier to set up a business. If Dominos goals and objectives are aligned with the business strategy of entering the Mauritian market, then the risks involved might be lesser than choosing a bigger developed nation with more competition. The major risk would be that Mauritius is a small country and there is no market propinquity between the island and Dominos home country but the growth rates might increase faster because Mauritius does not have many pizza chains offering the same quality of product and service as Dominos and is a culturally diverse country. Therefore, the benefits will in the long run exceed the risks of operating in such market. All these will be clearly analysed in the following analysis: 4.0 PESTLE Analysis of the Mauritian Market Mauritius is a republic and democratic country that gained independence from the British colony in 1968. The country is small, an open African economy that attracts both Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and domestic investment in a diversified economy, with a population of only 1,260,934 (Doing business 2016). Mauritius is more engaged in exports than importing products, creating it as an Export Processing Zone since 1971 (Croucher Rizov, 2015). The country is characterised by low level of corruption and stable and strong institutions that attracts high levels of FDI. In 2011 the Heritage Foundations Economic Freedom ranked Mauritius as number eight in the world, two place above the USA (Croucher Rizov p. 2702). Very often the island is considered as an African success story, a unique example of constant successful developments where companies in Mauritius expand their operations in Africa and. An effective analysis of the Mauritian market can be discussed as follows: 4.1 Political Environment Analysis The political climate in Mauritius is moderate, thanks to democratic freedom. The island has strong constitutions for successful development. According to Alon and McKee 1999, Political risk refers to the host country government actions that have adverse effects on the business environment in which an international country wishes to venture for business (Hoffman et al. 2008). In mid-2011 because of a high inflation rate, the government in Mauritius introduced a monetary tightening policy. Therefore, this action facilitated improvements in the business climate, which ultimately created ease of access for foreign investments and business venturing in the region. Mauritius depends largely on its exports to obtain FDI and have been a champion in doing so thanks to low-cost labour, efficient infrastructure, preferential access to large markets to promote Free Trade, sound legal system, political stability, government policies favourable to foreign investors and a strong business environment with a vibrant entrepreneurial culture (Seetanah Boopen, 2011, p. 29). This implies that thanks to political stability, within a democratic framework Mauritius attracts many foreign transactions and all those companies coming from abroad to work in the island constitute as proofs of a stable political system. Mauritius and the United States (US) have trade agreements where they signed a Trade Investment Framework Agreement *TIFE) in 2006 (Office of the United States Trade Representative 2014). The aim of TIFA is to reinforce and expand trade ties between US and Mauritius. It also provides an opportunity to work more closely on various trade-related issues, including moving the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Doha Round forward and implementing the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), all facilitating free trade between the island and other countries (Mauritius Trade Easy 2016). 4.2 Economic Environment Analysis According to the Doing business 2016 World Bank Report, Mauritius is ranked at the 32nd place in its ease of doing business and 66th in trading across borders, among 189 countries globally (Doing business 2016). This could be a source of attractiveness on behalf of overseas companies willing to operate in the island. A small island state, still in a developing mode with little population is quite impressive in terms of various developments so far, based from those ranking indicators. Mauritius made business easier by decreasing trade license fees (Doing business 2016). The Mauritian economy has become an upper middle-income diversified economy with a rise in economic growth over the years in the financial, industrial and tourist sectors. This rising trend is ongoing, putting the island as a growing economy and it has shifted from a predominantly agriculture based economy to an industrial one. There are three pillars which are at the heart of the Mauritian economy namely; sugar, tourism and garment sectors with recent investments in information and communication services as well as of a seafood hub (Kothari Wilkinson, 2013, p. 94). The country is an export-oriented business hub that attracts a massive inflow of FDIs, coming mostly from France, South Africa and other countries. The World banks 2008 Doing Business Report ranks the island first in Africa and 27th in the world for ease of doing business (Seetanah Boopen, 2011, p.29). It forms part of the business-friendly countries. The economic conditions of any countries are considered to be positive when an economy is growing at a steady rate and in a negative phase if an economy is in contracting mode. Those favourable economic conditions diminish the risk perceptions of that market and make it more attractive to expand in that particular area (Hoffman et al. 2008). As per the International Trade Forum, Mauritius is an economic development success story (Mauritius International Trade Forum 1999). Thanks to its national export strategies, the island has become a mono-crop economy with an internationally-oriented service sector. Preferential access to the European Union and United States markets for good and services have further expanded the Mauritian economy. The government encourages enterprise development with subsidies and investment incentives to maintain an open economy. 4.3 Social and Cultural Environment Analysis The Mauritian culture is recognised for its uniqueness and rich social and cultural diversity, which comprises of many various religions like Hindus, Christians, Muslims and Chinese and even people from abroad settling in the island. As such, doing business in the country creates fewer challenges in terms of cultural dissimilarities. The literacy rate in Mauritius is quite high. As per the education indicators in the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Report 2013, the island is doing relatively well with a youth literacy rate of 96.8% and an adult literacy rate of 88.8% (Mauritius 2015). However, according to Statistics Mauritius, in 2013, 2,200 unemployed graduates were looking for a job and this was due to a skills-mismatch between the training gained at higher education level and what the market demanded in terms of skills. This could represent an obstacle for doing business in Mauritius. Nevertheless, from my personal observation, between 2013 and now, things have started to change with the recent government election in December 2014. Creation of jobs has increased and is still in progress and various schemes have been introduced to offer training and work placements. Mauritius creates social stability in a way because there exists no wars, whereby few ethnic conflicts do exist but do not last long. Mauritians adopt the fruit salad metaphor, unlike the melting pot metaphor in the United States, which simply says that a multiethnic society prevails in the island instead of an individualistic one (Ng Bloemraad, 2015, p. 623 ). This way of living therefore creates a level playing ground between the genders and promotes equality. Level of poverty in Mauritius is good, with less than 1% of the total population living on less than 1USD per day. This also implies that purchasing power could remain strong for Mauritians. More and more Mauritians now do not have time to cook or simply find it easier to buy food outside because of a wide variety of food courts selling different types of food. This take-away and food delivery trend is quite common in the island. 4.4 Legal Environment Analysis The legal environment of Mauritius comprises of various trade unions. These trade unions protect employees and employers rights and laws for effective employment practice on the market. Countries with better legal investor protection should attract more foreign inflows of financial capital to their domestic businesses (Starky, 2003, p. 3). We have discussed earlier that Mauritius attracts and receives high inflows of FDIs from exports, which also implies that the legal framework of the island is stable and sound. An overseas market is also considered effective when its legal environment is of good quality and does not raise any uncertainties (Roy 2006). Mauritius legal system, which is based on both English and French practices offers flexible corporate legislations together with good operation costs (Mauritius provides ocean of advantages 1997). The workforce in the island speaks both English and French with further creates a competitive advantage in terms of attracting business from Africa, Asia, the Middle East and Europe. The good legal environment is due to the positive political participation and culture prevailing in the country. 5.0 Recommendations Based on the above analysis and framework, it could be deduced that Mauritius as a destination market for Dominos could benefit from the Michael Porters possible generic strategies for competitive advantage. Those advantages could exist both internally (firms level) and externally (the general pizza industry level). Since Mauritius has only two pizza chains in the island, with not many competitors and substitutes, whereby pizza hut is not profitable enough and has closed down some its shops across the island, and debonairs is average, Dominos could be a market leader for pizza, bringing value for money, uniqueness and a wide variety of menus if it adopts a differentiation strategy. Dominos should try to produce at a less expense than its competitors on the Mauritian market so that demand and market share for the product increases and brings high revenue, thus creating a cost leadership strategy as well. The marketing trend says that people tend to buy more of a product at the creation stage. Therefore, overall entry in Mauritius will be like a competitive move since political, economic, legal and social climates are stable and favourable to the little fast-food nation, whereby purchasing power is still high. 6.0 References   Ã‚   1) Croucher, R Rizov, M 2015, MNEs and flexible working practices in Mauritius, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol. 26, no. 21, pp. 2701-2717 2) Douglas E, T 2001, Who goes abroad? International diversification by merging market firms into developed markets, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, pp. 1-121 3) Doing Business 2016, Measuring Regulatory Quality and Efficiency, http://www.doingbusiness.org/reports/global-reports/doing-business-2016 4) Fey, C.F, Nayak, A.K.J.R, Wu, C Zhou, A.J 2016, Internationalization Strategies of Emerging Market Multinationals: A Five M Framework, Journal of Leadership Organisational Studies, pp. 1-16 5) Hoffman, R.C, Kincaid, J.F, Preble, J.F 2008, International Franchise Expansion: Does Market Propinquity Matter?, Multinational Business Review, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 25-52 6) Koch, A.J 2001, Selecting overseas markets and entry modes: two decision processes or one?, Marketing Intelligence Planning, Vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 65 75 7) Kothari, U Wilkinson 2013, Global Change, Small Island State Response: Restructuring and The Perpetuation of Uncertainty In Mauritius and Seychelles, Journal of International Development, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 92-10 8) Mauritius Trade Easy: Expanding markets and Facilitating compliance 2016, http://www.mauritiustrade.mu/en/trade-agreements/usa#haut 9) Mauritius International Trade Forum 1999, http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA59672193v=2.1u=ntuit=rp=AONEsw=wasid=7836396c1459104cb7042eee9e360674 10) Mauritius 2015, http://www.africaneconomicoutlook.org/en/country-notes/southern-africa/mauritius/. 11) Mauritius provides ocean of Advantages, 1997, South China Morning Post, 27th April. 12) Office of the United States Trade Representative: Executive office of the President 2014, https://ustr.gov/countries-regions/africa/east-africa/mauritius 13) Roy, J-P 2006, International joint venture partner selection and performance: The role of the host country legal environment, Proquest Dissertations Publishing, pp. 1-240 14) Seetanah, B Rojid, S 2011, The determinants of FDI in Mauritius: a dynamic time series investigation, African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 24-41. 15) S. NG, E Bloemraad, I 2015, A SWOT Analysis of Multiculturalism in Canada, Europe, Mauritius, and South Korea, American Behavioral Scientist, vol. 59, no. 6, pp. 619-636. 16) Starky, S 2003, Legal Environment as a Determinant of International Investment Positions: An Empirical Analysis, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, pp. 1-95.

Salespeople Motivation Essay -- Human Resources

Introduction Salespeople are often internally driven and self-motivated (Srivastava and Rangarajan, 2008), and are increasingly becoming consultants who sell value-added services (Smith and Rupp, 2003). Nowadays more industrial companies employ sales engineers (SE) and therefore they represent an emerging class of knowledge workers on sales (Darr, 2002). I will first discuss my experience in Festo, before briefly addressing some theories about motivation, related to it. Was there a mismatch between theory and business as I knew it? If so, I will try to identify it and to explain why Festo's incentives failed with me. Finally, I will suggest how Festo should have motivated its SE, based on the theory discussed. What is a SE? Although having studied engineering, I have mostly worked as a salesperson. Thus, I can ask: what is a SE? A salesperson with a strong technical knowledge on the field he/she is selling. Furthermore, a SE could be defined as a technical-consultant salesperson or a knowledge worker (Darr, 2002). These ideas somehow extend Lidstone's (1995) definition of a technical salesperson: someone who sells industrial products, equipment or highly engineered components, has a major emphasis is his/her technical know-how but are often worried with technical details and tends to forget his/her job is to sell. SE at Festo Festo Argentina had around 20 SE (2007) nationwide (from a workforce of 120), half of them farther away than 400 miles from main office. Needless to mention, every SE had a different emotional background (psychological characteristics), engineering field (industrial, electronic, mechanical), and socioeconomic situation (some married, some young and single; middle-aged, well-off, working class, etc.... .../2010]. Pritchard, R. and Ashwood, E. (2008). Managing motivation: a manager’s guide to diagnosing and improving motivation. New York: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Smith, A. and Rupp, W. (2003). An examination of emerging strategy and sales performance: motivation, chaotic change and organizational structure. Marketing & Intelligence Planning, 21/3, pp.156-167. Smyth and Murphy (1969). Compensating and motivating salesmen. New York: American Management Association. Srivastava, R. and Rangarajan, D. (2008). Understanding the salespeople’s â€Å"feedback-satisfaction† linkage: what role does job perceptions play?. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 23/3, pp. 151–160. Steers, R. and Porter, L. (1987). Motivation and work behaviour, 4th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Inc. Stewart, G. (1994). Successful Sales Management, 3rd edition. London: Pitman Publishing.

Ethics: The Foundation of Good Business Essay -- Business Ethics

According to the Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia business ethics is the moral principles defining how businesses and business professionals should act toward each other, employees, and the public. Some professions such as law and medicine clearly have defined codes of professional ethics. In other areas appropriate behavior has been established over time by practice. Business ethics involves the role of a company in our society. Complex and contentious areas of business ethics would include the effect a petrochemical company's actions have on the environment or the obligation of a pharmaceutical company to make its drugs available to developing countries. As lobbyists and pressure groups become more powerful, companies are being forced to pay greater attention to corporate responsibility and business ethics (Business, 2009). Human Resources Issues A company’s human resources is its most valuable and expensive investment that can make or break a company in relation to its success. One major ethical issue faced by the human resources department is discrimination. Unfortunately, discrimination is alive and well in our business environment today, which have a major affect on local communities and organizations. One aspect of discrimination I have either experienced or witnessed is the lack of respect and accomodation for female workers, especially in corporate America. In most cases, the female employees tend to have lesser salaries than men in the same position. Companies also do not cater to women with respect to childcare issues, and lactating mothers returning to the worforce after maternity leave. Another aspect of discrimination that is prelevant in today’s business environment is the treatment of older employees, co... ...ears, without any consideration of the damge the software issues with their cars and trucks may cause to their customers safety. The company was accused of hiding this fact because a re-call would cost millions. Conclusion There is necessity for companies today to practive excellent business ethics. Ethics is the foundation of on which good relationships are developed, it encompasses who businesses deals with their partners or associates, customers, and employees. Works Cited Business Ethics. (2009). In The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather guide. Retrieved from http://www.credoreference.com/entry/heliconhe/business_ethics Trevino L.K. & Nelson K.A. (2006) Managing business ethics. Straight talk about how to do it right (4th ed) Hoboken, NJ John Wiley & Sons. Retrieved from https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/classroom/ic/classroom.aspx Ethics: The Foundation of Good Business Essay -- Business Ethics According to the Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia business ethics is the moral principles defining how businesses and business professionals should act toward each other, employees, and the public. Some professions such as law and medicine clearly have defined codes of professional ethics. In other areas appropriate behavior has been established over time by practice. Business ethics involves the role of a company in our society. Complex and contentious areas of business ethics would include the effect a petrochemical company's actions have on the environment or the obligation of a pharmaceutical company to make its drugs available to developing countries. As lobbyists and pressure groups become more powerful, companies are being forced to pay greater attention to corporate responsibility and business ethics (Business, 2009). Human Resources Issues A company’s human resources is its most valuable and expensive investment that can make or break a company in relation to its success. One major ethical issue faced by the human resources department is discrimination. Unfortunately, discrimination is alive and well in our business environment today, which have a major affect on local communities and organizations. One aspect of discrimination I have either experienced or witnessed is the lack of respect and accomodation for female workers, especially in corporate America. In most cases, the female employees tend to have lesser salaries than men in the same position. Companies also do not cater to women with respect to childcare issues, and lactating mothers returning to the worforce after maternity leave. Another aspect of discrimination that is prelevant in today’s business environment is the treatment of older employees, co... ...ears, without any consideration of the damge the software issues with their cars and trucks may cause to their customers safety. The company was accused of hiding this fact because a re-call would cost millions. Conclusion There is necessity for companies today to practive excellent business ethics. Ethics is the foundation of on which good relationships are developed, it encompasses who businesses deals with their partners or associates, customers, and employees. Works Cited Business Ethics. (2009). In The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather guide. Retrieved from http://www.credoreference.com/entry/heliconhe/business_ethics Trevino L.K. & Nelson K.A. (2006) Managing business ethics. Straight talk about how to do it right (4th ed) Hoboken, NJ John Wiley & Sons. Retrieved from https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/classroom/ic/classroom.aspx

Prom Nights from Hell Chapter Twelve

Miranda, dressed in the blue uniform, pushed aside the man she'd just hit over the head with the clock to reach Sibby. She still had handcuff bracelets around her wrists, each dangling a piece of chain. Her wrists, her hands, were shaking. She lifted the unconscious girl gently. â€Å"Sibby, come on, open your eyes.† It wasn't supposed to have taken so long. The plan had been simple: She and Sibby would switch identities by switching outfits. When Deputy Reynolds double-crossed them, like Miranda knew he would, it would be Miranda disguised as Sibby he'd hand over to his crew, and she'd deal with them, then come back and rescue Sibby. At least, that's how it should have gone. â€Å"Okay, Sib, time to wake up,† Miranda said, carrying the girl now, cradling her pressed against her chest as she moved as quickly as possible. She could hear Sibby's heartbeat, but it was faint, and slow. Getting fainter. This is not happening. â€Å"Rise and shine, Sibby,† she said, her voice cracking. â€Å"Up and at 'em.† Miranda hadn't expected to find all five of Deputy Reynolds's goons waiting for her-shouldn't someone have been in the getaway car? – and especially hadn't anticipated the woman he'd picked up from the airport having rhinestone-studded brass knuckles. The blow to the head had given them time to cuff Miranda to a pipe and made her a little weak, so it had taken her longer than it should have to knock them off with a series of roundhouse kicks and one side scissor, then break the chain on the cuffs and free herself. Giving Deputy Reynolds more time with Sibby's esophagus than she'd planned. A lot more. The heartbeat was getting softer, harder to hear. â€Å"I'm so sorry, Sibby. I should have gotten here sooner. I tried my best, but I couldn't get the handcuffs off and I was too weak and I failed and-† Miranda was having trouble seeing and realized she was crying. She stumbled but kept running. â€Å"Sibby, you've got to be okay. You can't go. If you don't come back, I swear I'll never have fun again. Not once.† The heartbeat was just a whisper now, the girl in her arms a pale ghost. Miranda choked back a sob. â€Å"God, Sibby, please-â€Å" Sibby's eyes flickered. Color surged into her cheeks and her heart picked up. â€Å"Did it work?† she whispered. Miranda swallowed the huge lump in her throat and resisted the urge to crush her. â€Å"It worked.† â€Å"Did you-â€Å" â€Å"Clocked him with the clock, as requested.† Sibby smiled, reached her hand up to Miranda's cheek, then closed her eyes again. They didn't reopen until they were in the car with the historical society behind them. She sat up and looked around. â€Å"I'm in the front seat.† â€Å"Special occasion,† Miranda explained. â€Å"Don't get used to it.† â€Å"Right.† Sibby worked her neck back and forth. â€Å"That was a good plan. Trading outfits so they'd think you were me and not worry so much about restraints.† â€Å"They still went all out.† Miranda pushed the cape back. â€Å"I broke the chain, but I can't get the bracelets off.† Thinking for some reason of Kenzi at the prom saying, Are you ready to unshackle yourself from the insecurities of your youth? Are you ready to own your future? â€Å"What happened to Plant Boy?† â€Å"I called in an anonymous tip telling them where to find him and the bodies of the guards he shot. He should be on his way to jail.† â€Å"How did you know you were right? That he was trying to trick us?† â€Å"I can tell when people are lying.† â€Å"How?† â€Å"Different things. Little gestures. Mostly by listening to their heartbeats.† â€Å"Like if they speed up, they're lying?† â€Å"Everyone is different. You need to know how they react when they're telling the truth to know how they react when they're lying. His heartbeat gets slower, more even when he lies, like he's trying to be extra careful.† Sibby looked at her more closely. â€Å"You can hear people's heartbeats?† â€Å"I hear a lot of things.† Sibby took that in. â€Å"When Plant Boy was strangling me because he thought I was you? He called me Princess. And said some people thought you had superpowers like a teen Wonder Woman or something.† Miranda felt her chest get tight. â€Å"He did?† â€Å"And he said there was a bounty on your head. Alive or dead. Although I'm sorry to say that I'm worth ten times as much as you are.† â€Å"It's not nice to brag.† â€Å"Is it true? That you're Wonder Woman?† â€Å"Maybe the lack of oxygen went to your head but Wonder Woman is a comic-book character. Made up. I'm a real, normal person.† Sibby snorted. â€Å"You are definitely not normal. You're totally neurotic.† A pause. â€Å"That wasn't an answer. Are you really a princess with superpowers?† â€Å"Are you really a sacred prophet who knows everything that is going to happen?† Their eyes met. Neither of them said anything. Sibby stretched, sprawling out over the front seat, and Miranda turned up the radio and they drove on in silence, both of them smiling. After a few miles Sibby said, â€Å"I'm starving. Could we stop for a burger?† â€Å"Yeah, but we're on a schedule, so no kissing strange guys.† â€Å"I knew you were going to say that.†

Heart of varkness Essay

   The second statement, ‘bearers of spark from the sacred fire’, however, clearly represents how the British brought Christianity and God from Britain to the people of Africa. Conrad also implements the use of bathos, undermining the rest of the paragraph, which is very jingoistic, all about the greatness of the empire. The bathos of which I am referring to is ‘The dreams of men, the seed of commonwealths, the germs of empires. ‘ The use of the word ‘germs’ is very negative, and, in a way, ‘cancels out’ all of the writing before. The next section of the novel that I wish to examine is known as the ‘Grove of Death’. It is a description of Marlow’s initial impressions and observations of the Outer Station, and all the slave labour going on. As he sees the land around him, he notices many ‘mounds of turned up earth’, and ‘wastes of excavations’, he speaks of the land as if it has been ‘raped’ of all its resources, and left as a barren wasteland. His first impressions of the African slave workers seems racist, as he compares there black, naked bodies to ants, however, it is more likely that this is just a reference to the futility and uselessness of the work that is going on. His next observation is a boiler, and an undersized railway-truck. He describes them as ‘dead’ like the ‘carcass of some animal’. There are several interpretations for this scene. One is that he has ‘personified’ the machinery, giving them similar qualities to the slaves, describing the machinery as though it has been allowed to rest, and have its job taken over by slaves. Another interpretation is that the machinery is a symbol for the empire, as the machinery is slowly decaying and rusting, the empire is also declining. Another reference to the futility of this work appears a few lines down. ‘The cliff was not in the way or anything; but this objectless blasting was all the work going on’. It is as if the slaves have just been given something to do, to keep them from sitting around. As Marlow walks further on, he sees a guard carrying a gun, and wearing a ‘jacket with one button of’. This is a very deliberate observation, though the empire seems perfect from the outside, it has imperfections. On seeing Marlow, the guard raises his gun, and tries to see who Marlow is; Marlow is sarcastic at this point, joking about how white men all look the same at a distance, referring to how black people all look the same to him from a distance. As the guard recognises Marlow and smiles, there is more sarcasm from Marlow, describing the guards trust as being ‘exalted’, and describing himself as being a ‘part of the great cause of these high and just proceedings’. Marlow then descends down the hill, towards some trees. At this point, Marlow starts commenting some more on his pity for the slaves, and the pointlessness of the work going on. The first technique used to relay this to us is Conrad’s use of short sentences, like we are part of Marlow’s thought process. His first thoughts are about how futile and pointless all the work that is going on is. He describes one of the pits that has been dug, as ‘just a hole’. As he goes towards the trees for shade, he instantly regrets it, making a direct reference to ‘Dante’s Inferno’. Dante’s Inferno is one perception of what hell would be like. His vision of hell consists of seven rings, each ring containing people who have sinned a particular way, with the rings varying degrees of punishment. He looks around, noticing the slaves, ‘objectifying’ them as ‘black shapes’. He makes an ironic comment, calling the slaves ‘helpers’ and stating how they have ‘withdrawn to die’. He talks about how they have been abandoned in a very understating way. There is another reference to Dante’s Inferno here, as he notices the ‘black shadows of disease and starvation’. Marlow then leaves the trees, but looks down to see a black slave, who has a white thread around his neck. He is startled at how strange and out of place it looks on the black skin. This is symbolic of the white men of the empire being out of place in Africa. To conclude, the ‘Heart of Darkness’ within the play refers to the inner capability to commit evil acts in all men, and the evil of the empire underneath the front of ‘spreading civilisation and the light of Christianity’. The two sections of the novel which I have chosen to examine are full of symbolic imagery, referring to the title, and raising questions in the readers mind about the greatness of Britain. Page 1 of 3 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Joseph Conrad section.

Transformational Learning

Transformational learning is the type of experience that its outcome can bring forth a level of new meaning in your life. This learning cycle of intricate tasks is broken down into four stages, recognizing a significant problem, confronting it intensely, finding a solution, and integrating a new perspective and a new set of assumptions into your life pattern. These four phases create the transformational process and requires extreme mental concentration and careful consideration. The intensity of this procedure is often painful and stressful, hence forth the old saying â€Å"no pain, no gain†.First, you must know what the problem is that you are facing and acknowledge it. Then, you must face the problem with an extreme effort. Once these steps are completed and only then, can you start finding a solution. The solution you find will give you a new view. Based upon this outcome, your newly acquired view must be integrated into your life pattern. Transformation on this level is o ften wanted but it does not come easy. These â€Å"before† and â€Å"after† states are the points that show us our personal growth. The most transformational learning experience in my life has been the discussion to go back to school.The fear of working, having a family, and making time to study and being successful in my studies presented a great problem to me. How to balance these three demanding dimensions of my life and still be the same person was puzzling. Through a trial and error process, I redefined my life pattern, taking bits of personal and casual time to maximize my effort of pursuing my goal. By putting all my focus through my spare time in my work week, it opened up extra time on my weekend to spend with my family. This new pattern I developed has brought harmony and balance to my life.

Analyzation of Emily Dickinson’s Poetry

Succeeding in life, or achieving one’s own goals, seems to be the central theme in everyone’s life as is in Emily Dickinson’s poetry. Dickinson expresses the lessons learned in life throughout her poems. There can be many hardships and obstacles preventing one from their own succession. The prevailing of these obstacles leads to one’s success is life. In the poem â€Å"’Hope’ is the thing with feathers†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Dickinson uses a bird metaphorically as hope. The feathers as she tells are the hope in a person.The feathers create the wing and let the bird fly so in a sense it’s as if hope is lost in one place and can be found in another, as if flying to a new hope. In another sense somebody’s wings, or hopes, can be broken down by life’s hardships which can lead to a sense of hopelessness. Hope perches in the soul which Dickinson uses as the home of the bird, perch, and the soul metaphorically. The bird lives from suppo rt of its perch; one’s hope is within one’s soul.Without the support of the perch the bird’s nest will fall. Without the soul, one loses hope in everything that means something to them. And sings the tune without the words; and never stops-at all†. Dickinson continues to use a bird as a metaphor for hope, but in this stanza she speaks of the bird’s singing. The bird’s song is also used for hope. The bird â€Å"never stops-at all† is referring to the song and one’s never ending hope. â€Å"And sore must be the storm†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is used to refer to the guilt and pain somebody or something that crushes the hope that others will feel. â€Å"I’ve heard it on the chillest land; And on the strangest Sea; yet, never, in extremity; it asked a crumb of me† (Dickinson 9-12).Rad also  We grow accustomed to the darkIn the last stanzas of the poem, Dickinson, refers to hope as being able to be found everywhere, or in the ch illest land or on the strangest sea. Hope will be there for you and won’t ask anything from you. There should be hope in everyone who has a soul. This hope that is felt is for the continuance of one’s life because without hope, one does not succeed in what is to be accomplished; life. Success is the goal and key to life. Success can differ from person to person based on what they want to achieve. â€Å"Success is counted sweetest; by those who ne’er succeed†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Dickinson 1-4). This can also be made as a reference to envy.People want what they do not have. To feel success at its sweetest, â€Å"to comprehend a nectar† one must feel the â€Å"sorest need† or great hardship either through failure or with obstacles. Overcoming these obstacles will lead to one’s success and to some, success is the sweetest to those who cherish the opportunity. The â€Å"Purple Host† who took the enemy flag does not know victory better than the defeated enemies. â€Å"As he defeated-dying; on whose forbidden ear; the distant strains †¦Ã¢â‚¬  Dickinson explains in the last stanzas of her poem that the defeated army understands the success of victory better than the victors.The reasoning behind this is that in order to understand the feeling of succeeding one must feel failure first to truly understand triumph. The victors do not know failure, which in this case is death, which Dickinson states will prevent them from understanding triumph or success. Succeeding in life to some is to become recognized and to be known by the public or achieving fame. â€Å"I’m nobody! Who are you,† Dickinson was not known by the public through her lifetime and she dreaded her infamous life. â€Å"Don’t tell!They’d banish us-you know† refers to not being accepted by society and being out cast for being different than others. â€Å"How dreary-to be-Somebody; how public-like a frog; to tell your name-the livelong day; to an admiring bog! † (Dickinson 5-8) is a reference implying that her private secretive life is of her preference. Being secluded is better than being in the mess of things. â€Å"How public like a frog to tell your name the livelong day†, so she’d rather not have to worry about keeping a good name if it’s going to be a nuisance to her, â€Å"To an admiring bog†, which she refers to as the judging public.The success she wishes to achieve is for her and not for anybody else. Achieving life’s goals should be for one’s own satisfaction. Emily Dickinson’s poetry can be referenced to many things in life. Succeeding in life, to one’s preference, seems to be the central theme in her poetry. Whether it’s hope in succeeding, failing to learn to succeed, or achieving fame from your success, everyone has goals to achieve. These goals will lead the succession in life.

Accepted Accounting Principles related to Health Care Essay

Accepted Accounting Principles related to Health Care - Essay Example These rules were established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board. The first principle is the entity concept which is the group or organization such as a hospital, medical school, or nursing home. Inother words, it separates the business from its owners and treats it as an economic unit. Only assets, liabilities, and owner's equity related to the group or organization are on one financial statement. If there are sub entities, the financial records of these entities are maintained separately. The second principle is the going - concern concept which is a presumption that the group or organization will be running in the future and will not be liquidated in the next 12 months. It is a very concept in case of healthcare business because hospitals, nursing homes, etc. which do not intend to stay in business the net realizable value of the asset may be not ascertained and could be sold at a much higher price than they worth at the moment of sale. The third principle is the matching principle which is a combination of cash accounting and accrual accounting. The matching principle and cash accounting states that revenue or expenses are recognized only when the organization receives cash or pays cash. For example, medical equipments are recognized in the books of accounts only when the cash is paid out in entirety. The problem therefore is, all transactions that are not done on a cash basis and not done in the same accounting year are not recognized which gives a deceptive pictur e of what actually occurred a respective accounting year. On the other hand, when accrual accounting is done this gives the actual as to what occurred in that year. An example of this is if an organization provides care for a patient but does not receive reimbursement until the following year but the funds will be documented on the year the patient was cared for. The fourth principle is known as the historical cost principle and states that the cost of a resource is what the organization pays to receive the economic need. Historical cost does not reflect the current market valuation of the asset. Therefore the problem with the cost principle for example is if a hospital pays twenty dollars for I.V. tubing in the current accounting year and the following year that same tubing costs thirty dollars. This will not show a real account of the asset because of the variation in price. The fifth principle is called objective evidence. This principle states that evidence can be reported on fi nancial statements that are objective in nature and can be analyzed, measured, observed and verified. An example of this is the cost of an EKG machine but the problem is the amount that it is worth as an asset. Do you use what the organization paid for it, what it is worth, or how much you could sell it for if the hospital did not need it? All of these are subjective views and most accountants use the value of what an asset is at cost. Fair market value is what the GAAP prescribes in recognizing the value of the asset. Materiality is the sixth principle which states that an organization will have accounting errors but the error will not be to an amount that items that would affect the direct value of the organization depending on several factors such as size of the organization It tries to conform to the situation wherein the information that might have been omitted in the financial statements does not bear any influence on the economic decision of the users of these financial state me

Desire to have Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Desire to have Children - Essay Example Finally, they decided to attempt in vitro fertilization. Mary Sue supplied nine eggs for the procedure, and her husband supplied sperm, which medical experts used to fertilize all the nine eggs in a laboratory. The medical personnel implanted two eggs in Mary Sue’s womb, but pregnancy did not result. The medical personnel froze the remaining seven fertilized eggs in order to preserve them for future use. Sometime later, the couple divorced, but they disagreed on who between them should claim the fertilized eggs and to what use they should be put. Mar Sue claimed ownership of the fertilized eggs and expressed the desire to have them implanted in her body. Junior opposed Mary Sue’s claim of ownership and intention to implant the eggs. Instead, he wanted them destroyed. Mary Sue filed a law suit in court regarding the case. The judge ruled in her favor and granted her temporary custody of the fertilized eggs, so as to avail Mary Sue the chance to achieve a normal pregnancy by having medical experts implant the eggs in her womb. The rationale of this decision was that human life begins at conception and, therefore, the fertilized eggs were persons who have the right to the provision of suitable conditions and support that would allow them to develop into normal human beings. The judge added that the final custody of the child, child support, and visitation would be decided by the same court if one of the eggs results in birth. II. Ethical Question to be Answered Was Judge W. Dale Young morally justified in regarding the fertilized eggs as persons that have a right to life and not as property? III. Proposed Answers to Ethical Question Judge Young’s decision was not morally justified because the frozen fertilized eggs were not naturally conceived and, therefore, this argument does not parallel the ones put forward by opponents of abortion. It is appropriate to regard the fertilized eggs as property because medical experts created them artificiall y and, therefore, are the creation of human beings. In addition, the fertilized eggs do not have a societal, moral responsibility and; thus, they cannot be regarded as persons. A person has a moral role to play in society, the fertilized eggs do not. IV. Objections to Proposed Answers and Responses to the Objections Objection (1): The conceptus is a living human being because the continuous process of growth and development of human beings begins at conception. Therefore, the frozen fertilized eggs should be regarded as conceptus since they came into existence as a result of conception. Whether conception takes place in a woman’s body or scientists induce it artificially in the laboratory, fact is it leads to the creation of a human life form, the zygote. Response (1): The conceptus does not have any of the functions of a human being and, therefore, cannot be bestowed with the same status as a human being living in the real world. Fertilized eggs are just a mass of cells whic h scientists or medical experts keep alive through artificial means, without whose assistance they will surely die. A zygote that medical experts create and preserve through an artificially regulated process is not a real form of human life. This is because it is not supported or sustained in any way by the life processes that manifest themselves through nature. The same way that a graft of skin cells obtained from a person represents a living part of that person, it cannot be regarded as a person because they lack any of the moral functions associated with a person. Objection (2): God imparts a soul onto human beings at conception and not at birth since birth is just a transition from the womb into the world. The life of the baby did not begin at birth, but it was alive from the moment of conception. Since every human

Should drugs be legalized Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Should drugs be legalized - Essay Example The congress in Canada set up a commission of enquiry to look into the issues that had been raised by the public and the lawyers. Many recommendations were made. To date, those recommendations are yet to be implemented. They have asked the question several times, ‘Should drugs be legalized?’ Before this question is answered, here is background information about substance abuse. Substance abuse is the use of mind controlling harmful drugs and other activity enhancing substances that are not approved for use by any qualified professional medical practitioner. These substances include alcohol, narcotics, cannabis, glue types, stimulants, sedatives, and hallucinogens. Some of these substances are abused against the regulations of bodies such as FIFA. Activity enhancing drugs have been banned from their use in sporting activities. The focus of this article is on the narcotics, such as cannabis, methamphetamine, opium, heroin, and cocaine. Substance abuse means the same as drug abuse. This is because of the dependency effect of the drugs that cause the users to become drug addicts. In a bid to curb drug trafficking and drug abuse, the Drug Enforcement Agency in the United States was formed. Many issues have been raised on whether this business should be made legal since the war on drugs seems a long road without success. Gore Vidal of The New York Times and Will iam Bennett have opinions on this topic that form the basis of this discussion. Should drugs be legalized? Gore Vidal in his article â€Å"Drugs: Case for Legalizing Marijuana,† gives the opinion that the substance abuse in the United States can be a thing of the past if only all drugs are made available but at a high cost. All drugs available should have a clear, accurate, and well-labeled description of the effects of the substance use. According to this writer, the bill of rights in the United States was paramount. Every citizen of the United