Friday, August 28, 2020

Does power inevitably corrupt the powerful Essay

Powers definitely degenerate the incredible - Essay Example From this point of view it could be contended that the straightforward capacity to control others is by its temperament a defilement of different people groups will and all things considered, power is innately corruptible. Anyway practically speaking this may not be valid. At last it could be contended that force does regularly degenerate anyway it doesn't really need to degenerate. There is little inquiry that as a rule in history individuals have been significantly ruined by power. As indicated by Haddock (2006) there have been a few models in history of individuals applying their control over others. On one side of the range one finds influential men, for example, President Lyndon B. Johnson who might regularly hold gatherings while he was perched on the latrine (Demonstrating a sort of scorn over his colleagues) to a neurotic, for example, Joseph Stalin who slaughtered millions. One issue with respect to control that has emerged is the possibility that individuals might be design ed for egocentric force as opposed to straightforward institutional force. Anyway it remains the case that numerous individuals do accomplish a lot of intensity yet don't really need to show their egocentric control over others. Numerous individuals who make proficient progress remain very modest in their normal life. Bailey and Dash (2006) Highlighted that Billionaire Warren Buffett has lived in a similar home in Omaha, Nebraska for more than forty years. In addition the extremely rich person stays focused on hand crafted qualities, for example, evading official payouts, abstaining from putting resources into innovation organizations and as often as possible scrutinizing charge approaches that advantage the rich. Having exhibited that some influential individuals don't really apply egocentric force the case as indicated by haddock (2006) there are numerous individuals that do utilize their personality muscles once they arrive at a specific degree of intensity. This might be accompl ished through taking silly freedoms, through sexual predominance over more fragile individuals or through creation stunning buys. At last step to egocentric force can be showed through any number of components. The topic of how the activity of egocentric force influences devotees can cover a wide range, attributable to the way that individuals react diversely to various treatment. Toward one side of the range individuals could react contrarily to egocentric conduct, for example, making profound sentiments of weakness, negative confidence issues and so forth. Anyway it could be contended that solid negative fortification from a pioneer could eventually spur the subordinates to perform better. Anyone who has prepared broadly for serious games would have likely encountered the impact of a mentor or mentor yelling evaluates and individual abuse intended to persuade the student to do nearly anything to win endorsement. Anyway it could likewise be that individuals basically don't react on e way or the other and essentially not emphatically influenced by egocentric conduct at all. The issue of whether a pioneer can successfully help battle the impact of intensity undermining it long and celebrated. As indicated by Tertullian as embraced by Wehner (2009) it was an old style Roman custom that commanders would visit the roads after a military achievement (Much like the veterans marches today). Anyway in the Roman custom the Imperator (Equivalent to a leader) would be trailed by his worker who might be paid to murmur into the ear of his lord â€Å"

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Essays --

A.Plan of Investigation This investigation will try to address the inquiry â€Å"How did the Treaty of Versailles during WW1 add to additionally strife in the center east?† I picked this point in light of the fact that since my father is noticeable all around power he manages the Middle East on various events. I figured it is intriguing to contemplate this to perceive what could have been the reason for the emergency we see today. We could learn approaches to deal with the Middle East better by basing plans off what we know from WW1. So as to address this inquiry I have utilized the accompanying strategies for investigating in harmony settlement books and books that discussion explicitly about the bargain of Versailles impact during WW1. I additionally did some examination on some online articles. So as to contemplate this point I utilized the accompanying sources; A Piece to End All Piece composed by David Fromkin, and Kingmakers, The development of the Modern Middle East composed by Karl E. Meyer and Shareen Blair Brysac. B. Outline of Evidence The arrangement of Versailles was scorched on June 28, 1919 . The fundamental terms of this arrangement were, Germany needed to own up to the Blame for beginning the war, Germany needed to pay  £6,600 million for the harm done during the war called reparations, Germany was prohibited to have submarines or an aviation based armed forces, her naval force could just have six fight ships and an Army of only 100,000 men, and Germany was not permitted to put any soldiers in the Rhineland . England and France gained Germany’s states. The contentions in the Middle East began around the year 1914, a similar year as World War 1 . World War 1 was constantly alluded too as the war to put to shame all other wars. The Treaty of Versailles diminished all force in the Middle East on the grounds that the annihilation of the Central Powers including Turkey which w... ... try not to have a lot of command over themselves any longer. The property misfortune and the removal of their kin was such a noteworthy number, that the blending of individuals, and absence of populaces made clashes between the Middle Eastern nations . Clans that were made in these domains began to battle about force and controlling of the land, and different clashes emerged from those. Such clashes are still observed today identifying with thoughts like these. At the point when the Treaty of Versailles was come to, its meaningful conclusions were not coordinated for the Middle East, however were for Germany . The possibility that it would have such an impact on the Middle East, and would cause such clash was not predicted since it is viewed as such a little and a non-incredible zone. In any case, by the by, the Treaty of Versailles has played an enormous effect in the contentions of the Middle East after World war One.

Good Country People Illusion Or Truth Essays - Dog Breeds

Great Country People: Illusion Or Truth? Never let your tutoring impede your instruction - Mark Twain Great Country People, by Flannery O'Connor, presents us with an investigate the repetitive existences of three ladies living respectively on a provincial ranch. Every one of the three ladies are set in their good old manners, having encountered next to no of life, out on the ranch. A book of scriptures sales rep named Manley Pointer, seeming like just basic, great nation people(1), visits them one day. For reasons unknown, this straightforward countryboy is really a splendid extortionist who tricks the pompous little girl, Hulga (otherwise called Joy) into expelling her wooden leg, which he continues to take. An incredible change in Hulga is activated by her involvement in Manley Pointer. In spite of the fact that it was a pitiless trick, the book of scriptures sales rep encourages her to see reality with regards to her training and human instinct. Hulga understands that notwithstanding book smarts, relationship building abilities are likewise essential in exploring this present real ity. Hulga has been to school for a long time, winning a Ph.D. in Philosophy. Originating from such a country foundation, she feels that her instruction brings her status up in the scholarly world, and in this way life when all is said in done, above anybody not as taught as she seems to be. You poor baby?it's similarly too you don't understand(404). The young lady neglects to see that there is significantly more to life than what you can realize in a book. Because of a heart condition, be that as it may, Hulga is compelled to stay home on the homestead, rather than being in a scholarly setting where her training would be perceived and empowered. This mentality that she is above most others disengages Hulga from everybody around her. Indeed, even her mom remarks that she didn't care for mutts or felines or winged animals or blossoms or nature or decent men. She took a gander at decent men as though she could smell their stupidity(396). Hulga has almost no association with anybody by any m eans, other than her mom and their inhabitant Mrs. Freeman. Hulga neglected to see the thought appeared in the above Mark Twain quote. Hulga, for a mind-blowing duration has been famished for love and cherishing consideration. Pointer can get her to capitulate to his desires so effectively on the grounds that she is astonished that somebody truly needs to be with her, or so it appears. Since the time she was ten, she has had her wooden stump leg, and her heart issue to live with. All the more as of late, Hulga's weight issue is another impediment that adds to her disengagement. Joined with her stooping mentality, these encumbrances have prevailing to isolate her from standard society. Pointer understands this and can utilize it to further his potential benefit; he knows quite a few comments to her. In the storehouse, Hulga hears affectionate deference for what is potentially one of the principal times throughout her life. Therefore, the usually extremely free, solid willed Hulga is totally heavily influenced by an uneducated man a large portion of her age. It's what makes you extraordinary. You ain't care for anyone else?.She concluded that without precedent for her life, she was vis-à-vis with genuine blamelessness. This kid, with a nature that came past intelligence, had contacted reality with regards to her(404). Pointer is one of only a handful barely any individuals throughout her life who had the option to see the genuine Hulga; he saw through the cold fa?ade. Because of Mr. Pointer, Hulga had the option to see reality with regards to her circumstance in the world?book smarts won't help you at all without relationship building abilities and sound judgment. Up till the end, notwithstanding, she couldn't deal with the way that savvy, instructed Hulga had been beguiled by somebody who had all the earmarks of being just a basic nation kid. Being abandoned in the space, in any case, constrained Hulga to understand that individuals once in a while need to rely upon one another. Something different she understood is that throughout everyday life, book smarts mean next to no contrasted and experience and information on this present reality This issue of having genuine smarts just as book smarts is particularly applicable to the cutting edge advanced education understudy. With all the weight encompassing homework, it is anything but difficult to become involved with

Friday, August 21, 2020

The Virgin Group An insight into the organizational structure and culture

The Virgin Group An understanding into the authoritative structure and culture Presentation The Virgin Group of organizations is one of the biggest business associations on the planet. Established by Richard Branson, the Virgin Group has set up itself into numerous differing aspects of the business. This paper breaks down the hierarchical structure and culture of the Virgin Group and how it has helped this association accomplish such achievement in numerous assorted businesses. A great part of the way of life of the Virgin Group is impacted by the individual convictions and ways of thinking of its author, Richard Branson, and is one reason for the associations achievement. Branson exceptionally values the entirety of his workers and assumes individual liability to guarantee that his convictions are ingrained among every one of them. Branson has made a decentralized structure in the association by giving his workers the power to take choices in this manner lessening organization. Representatives are urged to not generally follow sane systems and rather think all alone. This paper will first quickly give an outline of the Virgin Group of organizations and its history and advancement. The hierarchical structure and culture of the Virgin Group will enable the peruser to comprehend the associations procedures and strategic policies and how the qualities and conviction arrangement of its originator has formed its structure and culture. What's more, the peruser will figure out how the Virgin Group has built up itself as an effective association dependent on its structure and culture. The paper will apply a portion of the hypotheses and ideas from the course reading material to the Virgin Group which will assist with understanding the working of this association better. All in all, this paper wants to accentuate the Virgin Groups by and large excursion during that time and the job that its structure and culture has played in its prosperity. About the Virgin Group The Virgin Group is one of the best business domains today. This association has built up itself in various enterprises including versatile communication, retail, music, money related administrations, travel, and some more. Virgin has controlled the British market and has extended worldwide into different areas like North America, Asia, Africa and Australia. Beginning as a basic mail-request record retailer in 1970, Virgin has developed into one of the best business realms on the planet. The Virgin Group has built up in excess of 300 organizations, utilizing around 50000 individuals in 30 nations. Its worldwide incomes in 2009 surpassed US$18 billion. (Virgin, n.d.) most of the Virgin Groups achievement has been credited to the author and CEO of Virgin, Richard Branson. Bransons convictions and ways of thinking are profoundly established in the corporate culture of the Virgin Group. This has helped the Virgin Group to thrive in todays serious business world. History and Development Richard Branson is the author of the Virgin Group of organizations. At the point when he was an understudy at Stowe, he distributed a magazine called Student. The magazine was a triumph and it urged Branson to leave school and take a stab at new undertakings. His first objective was mail-request records. He found that by placing a solitary notice in an issue of Student magazine, he had the option to build up a flourishing business with practically no straightforward speculation and no working capital. The name Virgin was proposed by one of his partners who considered the to be as broadcasting their business honesty, while having some curiosity and humble stun esteem. In 1971 Branson opened his first retail location on Londons Oxford Street. Virgin at that point ventured into the account business and the outcome was the Virgin record name. By 1983, the Virgin Group was acquiring benefits of 2 million beats on all out incomes of just shy of 50 million pounds. (Award, 2008) Gradually Br anson ventured into different endeavors. The Organizational Structure Many expect the Virgin Group to be a worldwide, yet such isn't the situation. Every one of the 300 odd organizations of the Virgin Group works independently and Branson fills in as investor, director, and advertising supremo. The vast majority of them are working organizations that own advantages, utilize individuals, and offer merchandise and ventures. These working organizations are possessed and constrained by around 20 holding organizations. The Virgin Group has an exceptionally mind boggling structure. It has been named both as a brand diversifying activity just as a keiretsu. (Award, 2008) However, in view of its structure, the Virgin Group can be securely named as an association with a keiretsu structure. A keiretsu is a gathering of associations, every one of which claims partakes in different associations in the gathering, and all of which cooperate to facilitate the gatherings interests. (Jones, Mills, Weatherbee, Mills, 2006) Furthermore, such an enormous association with an unpredictable structure should be natural so as to have the option to adjust to changes in its condition. A natural structure advances adaptability, so individuals start change and can adjust rapidly to evolving conditions. ( Jones et al., 2006) Considering every one of the individual organizations as a division giving an exceptional item or administration, it is clear that they display item departmentalization. Item departmentalization is the division of the branches of an association dependent on the kind of item or administration advertised. (Jones et al., 2006) For instance, Virgin Mobile offers cell administrations while Virgin Records is a music name. Be that as it may, the structure of the Virgin Group is mind boggling to the point that it is vital for it to not simply have one kind of departmentalization. For example, Virgin Mobile has tasks in a wide range of nations like the UK, India and Australia. Thusly, the sort of administration fluctuates in every one of these nations. This shows Virgin Mobile likewise displays geographic departmentalization. Geographic departmentalization is the division of an association dependent on the geographic area. (Jones et al., 2006) likewise, sort of administration and items additi onally shifts relying upon the client base consequently displaying client departmentalization. Client departmentalization is the division of an association dependent on the sort of clients it serves. (Jones et al., 2006) Since the Virgin Group of organizations display such a large number of sorts of departmentalisations, the association in general is said to have a cross breed structure, which is a blend of at least two sorts of departmentalisations. This multi-divisional methodology causes the Virgin Group to effortlessly adjust to the social, mechanical and different powers in the area it extends to. The division of work and the chain of command is likewise a significant part of an associations structure. The quantity of levels of power, the control, and the measure of openness are absolutely vital factors in the correct working of an association. As referenced, the Virgin Groups organizations work as isolated associations. The organizations are a piece of a family as opposed to a chain of importance. They are engaged to run their own undertakings, yet the organizations help each other, and answers for issues regularly originate from inside the Group some place. It could be said, Virgin is a federation, with shared thoughts, qualities, interests and objectives. (Virgin, n.d.) truth be told, Branson himself has furnished every one of his workers with the power to settle on solo choices dependent on their instinct as opposed to following a levels of leadership. This prompts the representatives having more trust in them and in the administration. Since connection among all the degre es of the progression is advanced, it increments successful correspondence. This is clear from the way that Branson actually connects with workers all the time talking about thoughts and accepting criticism. The Virgin Group communicates adequacy and compelling correspondence. Virgin has a level progressive structure and this empowers speedy and proficient dynamic. The level structure is one reason that the Virgin Group has had the option to venture into new pursuits. Likewise, a level structure permits a more extensive range of control, and decentralization. Length of control is the quantity of subordinates a chief oversees straightforwardly. (Jones et al., 2006) The decentralized structure of the Virgin Group gives more force in the hands of its representatives with regards to dynamic. Decentralization is the appointment of power to all degrees of the chain of importance. (Jones et al.,2006) Branson accepts that the representatives are the foundation of the organization and conseq uently it is significant that they have enough contribution and authority in dynamic. Since the Virgin Group contains such huge numbers of organizations, alongside a decentralized structure, it should give a few indications of hierarchical administration. Be that as it may, Branson has guaranteed since the starting to limit organization however much as could be expected since he endeavors to level the pecking order. Administration is a structure where individuals are considered responsible for their activities since they are required to act as per rules and standard working techniques. (Jones et al., 2006) The productivity of the representatives is improved under Bransons authority who stresses a wide range of control and self administration. Bransons distrust of hierarchical progressive system and a proper structure has added to authoritative cohesiveness as it were. His appropriation of this unconventional technique as opposed to customary strategic policies and non-conventional organizing of the association might be the explanation behind the Groups achievement. The Organizational Culture A great part of the Virgin Groups culture is impacted by its author Richard Bransons individual methods of reasoning. Similarly as his representatives are critical to him, so are the clients the Virgin Group serves. The capacity of the Virgin Group to work viably with just about a non-formal structure is a direct result of its remarkable authoritative culture. The way of life of the Virgin Group reflects Bransons easygoing nature, his lack of respect for chain of importance and formal position, responsibility to representatives and customers and his bel

Influence of Mass Media on Teenagers

Impact of Mass Media on Teenagers Broad communications assumes a critical job in today’s world. It communicates informationas quick as conceivable also gives diversion to huge crowds. Broad communications includes press, TV, radio, books and the Internet. Media is one of the most powerful parts of our lives. By making a specific sort of message, media can control people’s demeanor and conclusions. Throughout the years, as innovative advances have occurred this kind of correspondence has gotten simple and practical to have. Pretty much every family currently claims a web association, TV or a mobile phone and so forth. This has prompted an across the board utilization of broad communications, particularly among the youngsters. The way that sometime in the past the web, TV and PDAs were viewed as a need however now they appear to be all the more a ware youngsters appear to be dependent on basically clarifies that there will undoubtedly be a drawback to the impact broad communications has on adolescents. The youngsters of today appear to be excessively charmed in viewing their preferred shows on TV or utilizing online networking applications on their telephones or PCs that they are gradually putting some distance between the real world. They have gotten dependent. There are numerous results to this undesirable compulsion. One gets languid and doesn't want to get up and accomplish something gainful. It prompts stoutness and tiredness. It likewise prompts undesirable utilization of garbage or inexpensive food. I state this from my own understanding, as I generally want to have pizza or chips alongside a refreshment when I’m watching a show or a film. Young people likewise will in general go through hour s over the web collaborating with outsiders who could act like a risk as it is anything but difficult to counterfeit a personality over the web. They would especially incline toward utilizing Facebook, Twitter or Tumblr and so on as opposed to considering or doing an outside movement. Along these lines, this enslavement can be exceptionally ruinous. â€Å"A cross sectional investigation was done in Spain in 2003 to characterize broad communications use in adolescents (TV, cell phones, PCs, Internet and computer games) and to look at its impact on young people wellbeing and improvement. The information gathered depended on an example of 884 young people between the ages of 14 and 18 years. The example was recovered from secondary schools living in six towns in Cantabria (Spain). The outcomes demonstrated that all youths had a TV at home and 24% of the families claimed at least four TV sets. The nearness of broad communications in teenagers’ rooms was 52.5% for TV sets, 52% fo r the web, 57.8% for PCs, and 38.7% for gaming supports. The most habitually discovered media in their rooms were tape/radio players and minimal circles with rates of 76.8 % and 67.4 %, separately. Moreover, youngsters went through on normal 3 hours on TV on weekdays and 3.2 on ends of the week. They went through 0.69 hours on normal on weekdays and 1.09 hours toward the end of the week. On web they went through on normal 0.83 hours on the weekdays and 1.15 hours toward the end of the week. Different consequences of the examination demonstrated that about 87.2 % of the young people claimed a mobile phone. The normal age at which they got their first telephone was 13 years of age. Practically a large portion of the young people (46.4 %) took their cell phones to secondary school and announced that they had a normal of three cell phones at home. Additionally the greater part of them (82.1 %) rode the web however young men favored surfing and downloading games while young ladies favore d visiting and sending messages. Sixty-two percent of the young people had been to a cybercafã © and 40.8 % had visited an obscene site, particularly young men (33.1 % of young men versus 7.7 % of young ladies; p Broad communications is a useful asset to impact the brains of anybody, not to mention a young person. Adolescents are in that phase of growing up where everything around them impacts them. The manner in which they talk, dress and act relies a great deal upon what they are presented to. For instance, if an adolescent sees their preferred big name embracing an item which could possibly be fundamental, the person might need to get it paying little heed to how valuable the item is. This is a procedure numerous large organizations use furthering their potential benefit as they can undoubtedly sell items, regardless of whether they are of awful quality. â€Å"Advertising is a manipulative procedure to advance items. Unique consideration should be paid to advertising’s impacts. Three item classifications are particularly significant for teens’ wellbeing: cigarettes, mixed drinks, and nourishment. As per the teenager promoting specialists, young people â€Å"admit that publicizing is a more significant pattern source than DJs, VJs, motion pictures, superstars, or the coolest and most peculiar individuals at school† (P, 1995). We should be alert about the impacts of promoting that purposely misuse the frailties of young people and endeavor to â€Å"sell† them the solutions to their issues with a plenitude of new items. TV is a medium people broadly now have simple access to. These days, there are numerous shows, for example, Breaking Bad, Game of Thrones and Da Vinci’s Demons and so on TV that laud sex, medications, liquor and viciousness. Web based spilling and downloading has made it much progressively helpful to watch shows and movies which implies that adolescents have simpler access to their preferred shows that contain profanity. This sort of introduction acts like a risk the same number of young people discover sex, drugs, liquor, smoking and savagery to be â€Å"cool†. Accordingly, numerous young people fall prey to issue of dependence. Medications, liquor, smoking and sex are completely named as things that are addictive and in the event that one builds up the issue of compulsion, life turns out to be extremely difficult to adapt to. It’s like you are moving towards your own pulverization. It must be a serious test for young people not to see depictions of liquor in th eir ordinary utilization of the media. Liquor shows up in over 70% of prime-time TV programs and in 90% of the movies† (Roberts DF, Henriksen L, Christenson PG, 1999). More noteworthy than 33% of every single principle character drink liquor, however less than 2% are appeared as tending to drink too much (N, 1987). Promoting joins liquor with an assortment of advantages that intrigue to adolescents, for example, mingling, virility, sexual fascination, sentiment, break, and experience (Atkin CK, Strasberger VC, Comstock GA (eds), 1993), and scarcely any outcomes (e.g., aftereffects, mishaps, savagery, and shame). Liquor promoting additionally frequently speaks to cuts of life that focus on the consumers and the drinking events as opposed to on the characteristics of the item itself, which might be especially engaging teenagers who are utilizing the media for thoughts regarding how to be on the planet. Computer games are endlessly played by the youngsters of today. The computer games are exceptionally addictive too contain a ton of develop content. In US about 97% of the adolescents play computer games. The nearby computer game industry over yonder gets about an income of $12 billion every year. Numerous investigations have demonstrated that computer games with rough substance are related with vicious conduct. This worry is significant in light of the fact that the greater part of the well known computer games contain savagery. The expansion in forceful conduct is mostly connected to the measure of time adolescents spend on playing computer games. (Gentile Anderson, 2003) have expressed that playing computer games may increment forceful conduct in light of the fact that fierce demonstrations are much of the time rehashed all through the computer game. This procedure of redundancy has for quite some time been considered as a viable showing strategy in fortifying learning designs. Another examination did in 2008 took a broadly agent test of 1,102 young people between the ages of 12 and 17 and their folks. From the outcomes, it was discovered that 97 percent of the youthful respondents play computer games. Further isolated based on sex, 99 percent of young men and 94 percent of young ladies played computer games. A large portion of the respondents had additionally played a computer game the earlier day. This underlines on how every now and again they are presented to video games. Despite the fact that most guardians checked the censor’s rating before allowing their youngster to get it, 50 percent of young men and 14 percent of young ladies favored games with â€Å"Mature† (M) or Adult-just (AO) rating, which infers a high level of presentation to vulgarity. (Irvine, 2008) This inclination is because of the effect of broad communications. It is gradually turning into a standard that youngsters are presented to such stuff at such a delicate when the y are learning things that shape up their character. This is the reason such introduction can be harming. I know individuals who like go to gatherings, and smoke since it is something everybody does or something that you coolly observe on TV or in computer games. Since media can control people’s brain and perspectives, it likewise impacts sex generalizations. Promoting, news ventures and diversion, as a rule depict people with generalizations, in which ladies and young ladies are probably going to be put in burdened circumstances, for instance latent and agreeable jobs. This happens a ton in underdeveloped nations for example Pakistan. A few TV shows and advertisements show ladies normally assuming the job of a housewife while men are demonstrated to be more profession situated, concentrating on their occupations. As an outcome, conventional sexual orientation jobs and force relations have been profoundly attributed in people’s sub-awareness through the broad communications which restrains the advancement of human characters just as social balance. At the point when youths take a gander at notices, TV shows or movies, they are presented to pictures of cliché portrayals. This generalizing can be seen for all ages. For instance, you can see young ladies playing with Barbie Dolls and Teddy bears or having casual get-togethers while young men are demonstrated playing with activity figures. Male adolescents are normally depicted as energetic though female young people are appeared as young ladies who have enthusiasm for design. Ladies are all the more regularly introduced in comme

Tuesday, June 30, 2020

Austens Phoenix Anne Elliots Transformation in Persuasion - Literature Essay Samples

Jane Austens Persuasion is a satirical romp through the cold and arrogant lives of the aristocracy as seen through the eyes of a self-sufficient and free thinking woman, who must realize the false values in her life and learn enough to reconcile what she has lost. The plot is presented through Anne Elliots point of view, while those she associates with embody false values: they are used by Austen to caricature an already debauched lifestyle. Anne seems to be cursed for her simplicity, yet at the end, she is blessed with the fulfillment of her dreams because of her perseverance. The first view presented is of the over-excessive aristocracy, seen in the first two chapters, with Sir Walter Elliot in debt due to his ill-judgment of finances. Now he must sell his family manor, Kellynch-Hall, to cut the expenses on his huge liability. Sir Walter’s character is revealed through how he handles the affair; he is a proud man and a world of shame would come if he had to sell his family manor, so he decides to rent it out to a person of prominence, so as not to lose face among his peers. Mr. Shepherd, a friend of Sir Walter, suggests renting it out to sailors, which only sends shivers down Sir Walters spine, for sailors are persons of obscure birth, thus not worthy of such a high standard of influence. However, Mr. Shepherd knows of an Admiral with a conservative wife and no children. The fact that Sir Walter is renting out to an Admiral would be far more distinguishing than renting to a plain Mr. and Mrs. so-and-so with no credentials. With Sir Walters gradual consent, all is arranged according to Mr. Shepherds suggestion. At this juncture, Austen has given the reader just a glimpse of the pompous judgments that lie in the minds of the aristocracy. Thus, out of Sir Elliots excessive lifestyle, Anne Elliots first blemish in her past is revealed, a Frederick Wentworth, who is the brother of Admiral Crofts wife (who rented Kellynch Hall). Captain Wentworth was engaged to Anne, but because of her fathers judgmental influence, he had to call it off because of his lack of either wealth or a highly regarded future. That was seven years ago, yet Anne still has not loved anyone quite like she did Frederick. The pain to Anne became apparent when she heard that Captain Wentworth had gained rank, a mastership of his own ship, and, no doubt, a lot of money with it. Anne becomes tormented over her past decision not to marry Captain Wentworth and learns the falsity of judging by class level, which is a fault of the Elliots that Anne must learn to overcome. We see Annes maturity, however, when the Elliots move to Bath, and Mrs. Russell (a sort of step-mother) wishes that Anne could watch over Sir Walter and Mrs. Clay (the house keeper) even though the eldest, Elizabeth, is to be with them all the time. However, Anne is left with her younger sister Mary and Marys husband Charles Musgrove, whose smaller manor Anne must adjust to: she still is used to the extravagance of Kellynch-Hall. This is the beginning of Annes awakening, and of the experience with others who are not so-well-to-do. Through such experience, she will see how fulfilling their lives can be. We also see that the spoiled Mary still clings to her ancestral authority and refuses to give up her past, which only makes her, and the ones around her, even more bitter. Upon Anne and Marys visit to the Musgroves at the Great House, Anne observes the good heartedness and light fun that the more common people have about them—their concerns are fewer and lives more free. Anne is envious, but she still thinks that she would never trade her education for the freestyle life of the Musgroves. Here Annes humility is revealed through her awareness of what is going on around her, and she is not afraid to become part of the new lifestyle, something her sisters or father never had the nerve to humble themselves to do. Annes maturity, through her acts of charity, sends her through the refiner’s fire, for she takes it upon herself to tend to Marys son, who has dislocated his collar bone, and sends Mary and Charles to visit Captain Wentworth. Anne is still distressed over her past decision and longs for her first love, who is only a half-a-mile away. Because she does not wish to confront Frederick, she immerses herself in simple acts that inevitably alter her outlook on life and society. Jane Austen does a very accurate job of narrating how foolish people act while in love, for the next day, Captain Wentworth has an appointment to hunt with Charles. However, the Captain arrives late because he is reluctant to have breakfast with Anne. When Frederick does show, however, there is only a brief introduction of a formal curtsy and a bow between the old lovers. This bothers Anne, for she wishes to know Fredericks true feelings: she would then know whether or not to let go of her past feelings. This is what makes the relationship so interesting: the fact that lovers spend days actually wondering what the other is thinking, and never acting upon those true feelings. Instead, they only act on the assumptions that the other is only humoring them, which makes each one more cautious towards the other, in turn creating negative signs of interest. The only thing that holds the two together is the fantasy that their relationship will work, which it does as time goes on, and they bo th see through each other’s doubts. This is the same principle that occurs between Anne and Captain Wentworth. Not knowing the each others true feelings they both half-heatedly pursue other love interests, not wanting to lose the opportunity of love if the other happens to back out. First, Captain Wentworth is pursued by Annes two sisters-in-law, Henrietta and Louisa, who through Henriettas engagement to Charles Hayter, the eldest cousin of the two sisters, cause Frederick to concentrate all his attention on Louisa. Thus, with Fredericks attentions placed on Louisa, everyone suspects him to marry her, which only throws Anne into fits of regret and heartache. Nevertheless, there are still small acts of kindness that Captain Wentworth singles out to only Anne. For example, when it is raining and Admiral Croft offers one of the ladies a ride back to his place, all decline except Mary, who only complains that she is never directly asked, but Captain Wentworth intervenes for Anne and tells his sister of Annes weariness. He then lovingly assists her into the carriage, which again sets Annes mind to wondering about Fredericks true intentions. Assured attraction between Anne and Frederick is set in motion when they make a group trip to Lyme, so Frederick can visit his friend, Captain Harville, and give the ladies the opportunity to see the coast. Anne is very pleased with Fredericks friends and cant help thinking that they could have been her friends. For the first time, Anne feels true happiness in such common surroundings and actually feels comfortable around Captain Wentworth. Also, when Annes gentleman cousin takes note of her on the street, Frederick sees the age-old beauty in Anne once again and knows, with certainty, that he still loves her. Yet it could be too late to win her back. The turning point and the moment of truth in Annes life come with the injury of Louisa after her foolish jump off the bank escarpment. She is taken to the Harvilles for care; all suggest that Anne stay and care for her while the rest return with the grievous news, so as not to be in the way. Mary becomes upset with such a suggestion, and she rants and raves that she must stay instead of Anne because she is Louisas sister-in-law. (This is interesting because Mary did not pay much attention to Louisa before, but now, to seem important, she wants to tend Louisa.) Thus, Frederick and Louisa split up and spend some time apart, which gives them time to think through their relationship. Anne returns to Mrs. Russell at Kellynch Hall; though a very sincere woman, Mrs. Russell is too strongly influenced by the wealth around her, and she does not approve of this Captain Wentworth character who seems too lowly for an Elliot. Days later, Anne visits her father and sister in Bath. While Sir Walter lives the high life, Anne becomes depressed with his lifestyle because of the falsity behind such a frivolous society. Anne does feel comfortable, however, when she visits her old governess, Mrs. Smith, who is crippled, poor, and diseased. Anne is totally amazed that such bad fortune has not dampened Mrs. Smiths spirits; she may be down, but she still has dignity. This is a sharp contrast with the soulless lifestyle of the Elliots, for they would be nothing without their wealth. Mrs. Smith gets her dignity by donating her time to the poor and needy by way of her crafts. Annes outlook on life is altered even more, and the gulf between the other Elliots and herself is so wide that Anne now has become a completely new person. Back at home, Sir Walter lashes out at Anne for associating with such commoners; his daughters actions could ruin his well-established name in Bath. To add to Annes misery, she discovers that Mr. Smith wishes to marry her. Though she finds him sweet, she does not wish to marry him; to only one man does her heart go out and that man is Captain Wentworth. However, there seems to be a light at the end of the tunnel because, while Frederick was away, Louisa accepted Captain Benwicks proposal to be married. All acquaintances are invited to the wedding, yet Sir Walter bluntly states his doubts that the Benwicks lodgings are worthy enough for his family to visit. (He certainly knows how to ruin a happy occasion with his pomp and arrogance.) This theme of condescension appears frequently throughout the book, and Austen seems bothered, to some extent, by class distinctions. The Elliots feel far superior because of their wealth, which is actually a disease that blinds them to the true signific ance real friendship. Mr. Elliots openness with Anne sets up Frederick to finally leave his comfort zone and confess his love to Anne through a private letter. This is what Anne really needed, but how to deal with Mr. Elliot is yet another obstacle to overcome. However, the corruption of the wealthy always shines through. Mrs. Smiths report on Mr. Elliots lack of respect for the family name is all Anne needs to shun the very presence of her fake cousin. Greed and power compel the dishonorable rich to do all they have to do to get to the top. So it was with Mr. Elliot, who was the heir to Sir Walter: his marriage to Anne would allow him access to much of what the Elliots had. Finally, at the end of the book, all the gross attitudes of the pompous and wealthy are brought out in full light. Austen wants to make sure the reader understands the real attitudes behind her more prosperous characters. Elizabeth refuses to visit Mrs. Russell because her style of clothing is quite hideous, and Mr. Elliot will only leave a card, for she only makes herself up so little; since she is too old to make her presentable, he does not want to visit with her. At the party thrown in honor of Sir Walters Aunt Dalrymple, everyone is having such a good time with innocent gaiety. However, all the good feelings are suppressed with the grand entrance of Sir Walter and Elizabeth, which throws a general chill around the room to meet the heartless elegance of her father and sister. Annes engagement brings out her long sought for happiness in the midst of this corrupt gloom. Sir Walter finds Captain Wentworth notable enough for his daughter to give consent for marriage. Lady Russell, who never really cared for Captain Wentworth and loved Mr. Elliot, totally opposes Annes engagement, but she shows great strength in character that places her above all in her class by recognizing the mistake of judging those who are not suitable to her own ideas. Though many may be corrupt, it shows greatness to admit one’s mistakes and turn one’s thinking around rather than continue in blindness. Anne had gained moral integrity by staying true to her feelings and not giving into vain desires. She received a great knowledge of the world and her society that is most priceless. Anne, unlike her relatives, who only groaned and complained in adversity, became a better person for her trials, from which she emerged crowned in the beauty of happiness and self-worth.

Tuesday, May 26, 2020

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